使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有leave、get、keep、make (使,令)、let (让)、 help (帮助)、have(叫)等。用法如下：

1. 使役动词后接宾语，再接动词原形作宾补，用省略to的动词不定式，有些不省略。

2. 使役动词还可以接过去分词作宾补。

3. 使役动词的被动语态的宾补用不定式，不用动词原形。被动句型时，动词不定式to要变回来。

4. 具体结构如下表格：

一、have“使，让”，不用于被动语态。

1．have 宾语 do“让……做某事”，动作执行者为宾语（宾语为sb. 或者sth.）。

 He had the boy say it clearly.

2．have 宾语 doing“让……做某事”，动作执行者为句子宾语，但动词必须为持续性动词，后面常接时间段。

 He had her standing in the rain for two hours.

 The two cheats had the light burning all night long.

3．have 宾语 done “叫、让、请别人做某事”，表动作的执行者不是主语也不是宾语而是别人。或指“遭遇不幸事情”。

 I’ll have my bike repaired this afternoon.

 You’d better have your bad tooth pulled out.

 He had his wallet stolen at the station.

4．have 宾语 adj./adv./prep./n“使…处于某种状态”。

 Please have your money ready.

 The teacher has the students on the right way to study.

二、make “使……”，有轻微强迫之意。

1．make 宾语 do，“迫使某人做某事”，被动语态为be made to do。

 The boy made the girl cry.

 The workers were made to work late at night.

2．make 宾语 doing“使……处于某种状态”，并强调动作的主动性。

 The story made him feeling sad.

3．make 宾语 done“使处于某种状态”，并强调动作的被动性。

 Please speak louder to make yourself heard.

4．make 宾语 adj./adv./prep./n.“使……处于某种状态”。

 His illness made him very weak.

 He made her his wife.

三、Let“使，让 ”

1．let 宾语 do“让……做”，被动语态为be let （to） do 。

 Let’s go there, shall we?

 They won’t let their teacher be treated like that.

四、get“使，让”，注意没有被动语态。

1．get 宾语 to do “让……做某事”，强调未来性动作。

 He got his brother to help him.

2．get 宾语 doing “让……做某事”，强调正在进行的动作。

 She got her bike running very fast.

3．get 宾语 done“让……被做”，强调被动性动作。

 He got the car started.

 I must get my hair cut.

 Can you get the work finished in time?

4．get 宾语 adj./adv./prep.“使……处于某种状态”。

 Please get your tickets ready.

The shortage of electricity got the factory down from time to time.

The super dry weather has got the river out of water for a long time.

五、leave“让，使，带走” 既可用于主动语态也可用于被动语态。

1．leave 宾语 to do sth.“让某人做某事”，强调未来动作。

 Leave him to do it himself.

 I was left to do the cleaning.

2．leave 宾语 doing“让某人做某事”，强调当时正在发生的动作。

 What he said left me thinking deeply.

 I was left standing in the rain.

3．leave 宾语 done “使……处于某种被动状态”，强调动作的被动性。

 We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished.

4．leave 宾语 adj./adv./prep./n“使……处于某一特定状态”。

 Who left the door open？

 I was left with a ray of hope.

 Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered.

六、keep“使，让，保持” 既可用于主动语态也可用于被动语态。

1．keep 宾语 doing “使某人处于做某事的状态”中，强调动作延续一段时间。

 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.

2．keep 宾语 done“使……处于被动状态”。

 I can’t keep my eyes shut to all this super view.

 The goat was kept tied to a tree.

3．keep 宾语 adj./adv./prep. “使……处于特定状态”。

Please keep the classroom clean.

The teacher kept the students out of the classroom when the earthquake came.

七、课堂作业。

1. When he woke up, he _____________________.

醒来时，他发现自己被一群孩子围着。

Where did you _____________________________?

你的书在哪里印刷的？

3. ____________________, I feel very relaxed now.

所有的工作都做完了，我觉得现在很轻松。

4. They __________________after school every day.

他们每天放学后打扫教室。

5. While you were out, you should _______________.

外出时，你应关着门和窗子。

6. We had better work harder __________________.

我们最好努力工作以便按时做完作业。

7. They knew her very well. They ________ from childhood.

他们对她很了解。他们看着她从小长大的。

8. The next morning she _____________________.

第二天早上，她发现那个男人躺在床上，死了。

9.______________________, the man can't afford a ticket.

钱被偷了，那个人买不起票了。

10. When his wife returned., the husband noticed _______________.

妻子回来时，丈夫注意到她的头发剪短了。

11. Before he came to London, he had never ___________________.

在来到伦敦之前，他从未听人说过一个英语单词。

12. With _______________, the room seems larger.

墙刷成白色的了，房间看上去大了。

13. With the boy __________, the soldiers got to the position in time.

有那个小男孩领着路，士兵及时地到达了阵地。

八、课后作业

1. He got his tooth _______ (pull) out yesterday.

2. It's wrong of you to leave the machine _______ (run) all the time.

3. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _______(remind) of his own dreams.

4. Claire had her luggage _______ (check) an hour before her plane left.

5. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _______ (amuse) with her stories.

6. Alexander tried to get his work ________ (recognize) in the medical circles.

7. I'm glad to see that you had your moustache _______ (shave) off.

8. I got the story ________ (write) in French. Mr. White did it.

9. Our manager left the problem ________ (unsettle).

10. Please keep us ________ (inform) of the latest situation.

11. He had the boy ________ (throw) out the rubbish.

12. The fertilizers will make the vegetables ________ (grow) big and strong.

13. As a guard you should not let strangers ________ (enter) the gym.

14. The peasants were often made _______ (work) from morning till night.

15. The chemistry teacher let me _______ (enter ) for the chemistry competition.

16. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his words _______ (understand).

17. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself ________ (inform) about what's going on in the world.

18. She fell down and broke three of her teeth. She got her false teeth ______ (fix).

19. Mother had me ______ (go) to the shop and buy some salt.

20. It's about time that we got the kitchen ________ (repaint).

21. He made it _______(know) that he would not be running for re-election.

22. With his homework _______ (finish), he went out to play football.

23. I had my left arm_______(break) yesterday.

24. I'd like to see the plan ________ (carry) out.

25. At that moment, I saw him _________ (cross) the road.

26. I was surprised to find my hometown _________ (change) so much.

27. I heard an English song ____ (sing) by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.