动名词和分词怎么区分

考博英语：如何区分动名词与现在分词？

动词的结构会随着句子需要而改变,华慧考博老师发现有很多考生对于动词的动名词与分词形式不是太了解,有时候甚至无法区分它们,下面华慧考博老师就来为大家讲一下,如何来区分动词的动名词与分词的区别!

动名词与现在分词的区别：

虽然动名词与现在分词的形式一致，均为-ing，但两者在用法上还是有着本质的区别。

1. 在句子中充当的成分不完全一样。

动名词：主语、宾语、表语、定语

现在分词：状语、补足语、表语、定语

事实上，动名词与现在分词的词性是不同的。

1) 动名词是动词与名词的结合体，所以它的词性为名词，在句中充当名词充当的成分，如主语和宾语等。

例1：A six-year-old might need reminding (宾语) that spoiling other children’s expectations (主语) can require an apology. (南京艺术学院 2012年阅读)

例2：The natural way of doing this (宾语) is to start from the things which are more knowable and clear to us and proceed towards those which are clearer and more knowable by nature. (昆明理工大学2015年翻译)

动名词和分词怎么区分,(1)

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2) 现在分词是动词与形容词或副词的结合体，所以它的词性偏形容词与副词，在句中充当形容词或副词充当的成分，如状语、补语、定语等。

例1：Standing on （伴随状语）the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across（伴随状语） this giant wound in the Earth’s surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion.（西南交通大学2016年阅读）

例2：The dangers of drug companies failing （后置定语） to disclose inconvenient findings are not new.（医学统考2019年阅读）

2. 做表语时的区别

动名词和现在分词均在句中充当表语，但现在分词作表语，修饰句子主语，说明主语的性质特征；而动名词作表语时，则说明句主语的具体内容是什么。注：一般做表语的-ing大多是动名词。

例1. Sleeping is permitting a man to refresh after under heavy pressure for days. (动名词)

例2. These processes are most interesting. (现在分词)

动名词和分词怎么区分,(2)

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3. 作定语时的区别

动名词和现在分词均可在句中充当定语，但现在分词作定语，表示被修饰名词的行为状态，通常含有进行意味，而且它所修饰的名词通常就是现在分词的逻辑主语，而且均可转换成一个定语从句；而动名词一般为名词用，很少做定语，做定语时，一般表示所修饰名词的用途，一般不能转换成定语从句。注：一般做定语的-ing大多是现在分词。

例：

A walking stick = a stick used for walking (动名词)

A walking man = a man who is walking (现在分词)

A swimming pool = a pool used for swimming (动名词)

A swimming student = a student who is swimming (现在分词)

Drinking water = water used for drinking (动名词)

A moving truck = a truck which is moving (现在分词)

Growing pains = pains during the growth period (动名词)

Growing children = children who are growing (现在分词）

动名词和分词怎么区分,(3)