一、过去进行时的被动语态

1. 过去进行时的被动语态构成：

(1) was/were being done（肯定句）

(2) was/were not being done。（否定句）

(3) was/were 主语 being done（一般疑问句）

(4) 疑问词 was/were 主语 being done（特殊疑问句）

2. 过去进行时的被动语态的用法表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。

The college was being built at this time last year.去年这个时候这所大学正在建设中。

The room was being cleaned by him at nine yesterday morning.昨天早上九点他正在打扫房间。

Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。

二、过去完成时的被动语态

1. 过去完成时的被动语态构成：

(1) had been done（肯定句）

(2) had not been done（否定句）

(3) had 主语 been done（一般疑问句）

(4) 疑问词 had 主语 been done（特殊疑问句）

2. 过去完成时的被动语态的用法

(1) 表示过去某一时间之前或某个动作之前已经被完成的动作。

The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came.

老师来之前教室已经打扫过了。

20,000 electric cars had been produced by the end of last year.

到去年年底，已经生产了2万辆电动汽车。

(2) 用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表示从句的动作已经被完成。

James said that he had never been shown around Paris.

詹姆斯说从未有人带他参观过巴黎。

The policeman told me that the injured man had been sent to hospital.

警察告诉我受伤的人已经被送往医院了。

(3) 固定句型：

It/This/That was the first/second/ third/last time that 过去完成时的被动语态。

It was the second time that Shelton had been punished so seriously.

这是谢尔顿第二次受到如此严厉的惩罚。

It was the first time that we had been introduced at the conference.

这是我们第一次在会上被介绍给大家。

(4) 在虚拟语气中，如果条件句表示与过去事实相反，且主语与谓语构成动宾关系，则条件句用过去完成时的被动语态。

If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone there.

如果我早点被邀请，我就去那里了。

Far more progress would have been made if the importance of the work had been recognized before．

如果早点认识到这项工作的重要性，取得进展就会更快些。

即学即练：将下列句子改写为被动语态。

1. Alice had finished the report when they came.

2. The students were adjusting the instrument when I came here.

3. The scientist has published the results of the experiments recently.

4. They told me that they would announce the result the next week.

5. We had made good progress in our iron and steel industry.

参考答案　　　　　

1. The report had been finished by Alice when they came.

2. The instrument was being adjusted by the students when I came here.

3.The results of the experiments have been published by the scientist recently.

4. I was told that the result would be announced the next week.

5. Good progress had been made in our iron and steel industry.