介词的定义：

介词一般位于名词或代词之前，在句中不单独做任何成分。介词本身有独立的含义，但意义不够完整，在句中使用时，后面必须接有宾语构成介词短语后，才能表达完整的意义。介词短语在句中常作状语、定语、表语或宾语补足语。

介词的用法：

（一）表示时间的介词的用法：

1. at, on, in

（1）at 在句中用在钟点之前。意为“在……点钟”如：at six在6点

（2）at用在固定短语中。如：

at noon在中午；at this time of year 一年这个时候

（3）on常用于表示具体的哪一天或某天的上午、下午及晚上或用于固定短语中。如：on the morning of June 在6月5日的早上；

on a cold winter night在一个寒冷的冬天的夜里；on May 20th在5月20日

（4）on用在星期前。如： on Sunday在星期日

（5）in用于年、月前面，季节、世纪前以及固定短语中。如：

in 2008 在2008年； in October在10月； in spring 在春天；

in the twentieth century 在二十世纪； in his twenties 在他二十多岁时；

in the morning / afternoon / evening在早上/下午/晚上

2. before ,after, in

① in是以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于一般将来时态中。

eg: I will come back in three days. 我三天以后回来。

② after是以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态中。

eg: She went after three days. 她三天以后走的。

③before 表示“某时刻或某时间之前”时态根据句子而定。

eg: Check your papers carefully before you hand them in,

【典例精析】

Mrs. Brown came to China ____ 1996.
A. on B. of C. to, D. in

【答案】D

【解析】in用于年、月前面，季节、世纪前以及固定短语中
随堂小练习1

( ) 1. He often goes ______ school ______ six thirty ______ the morning.
A. for; to; in B. to; at; in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to

( ) 2. ______ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.

A. in B. on C. at D. for
( )3. Joan hopes to come back ______ three days.

A. after B. for C. in

（二）表示地点方位介词的用法：

1. at, in

at 后跟小地方，in后跟大地点

2. in, on, to

in表示在某一范围内的某方位。on表示与某地相邻关系。to表示在某一地区之外的某方位，不属于该范围。

【典例精析】

Shanghai lies____ the east of China.

A．in B. on C. to

【答案】A

【解析】in表示在某一范围内的某方位。

随堂小练习2

1. Shandong lies______ the east of Hebei.

A．in B. on C. to

2. China lies______the west of Japan.

A．in B. on C. to

（三）表示手段方式的介词的用法：

in, by, with, on表示“用”

（1）by主要指利用交通工具。即：“by 名词原形”或“行为手段by v-ing形式”。如：I go to school by bike every day.

（2）in主要指"用某种语言"或"用工具、材料"以及方式( way)等。如：

I often write in ink pencil.

He can say it in a different way.

（3）on主要表示行走或站立时所用的身体部位，或利用交通工具。即：“on 冠词 / 形容词性物主代词 交通工具名词”或接表示媒体的名词。此时相当于over。如： People walk on foot. But some people can walk on hand. 

注意：“on / in 冠词 / 形容词性物主代词 交通工具名词”这种交通方式的表达可以转换成“ by 交通工具名称”。例：on a bike = by bike

如果交通工具名词为car，习惯上用in ，其他多用on。

如：He learns English on TV.

（4）with主要指某一具体的劳动工具、材料或用身体部位。如：

We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看, 用耳朵听.

【典例精析】

He can say it ______ a different way.

A．in B. by C. with D. on

【答案】A

【解析】in主要指"用某种语言"或"用工具、材料"以及方式( way)等。

随堂小练习3

1. People say it______ English.

A．in B. by C. with D. on

2. He learns English______ listening to cassettes.

A．in B. by C. with D. on

3. He often goes to school ______ a bus.

A．in B. by C. with D. on

4. They like writing______ a brush.

A．in B. by C. with D. on

用于固定短语中

一、介词的含义，介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语或从句前。

中考需要掌握的11个介词：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before

（一）表示时间的介词

1、表示较长时间（长于一天或短于一天）如：年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“in”。

in 1996 / in 2002 / in 1847（年份）in October / in February / in March （月份）

in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening 在上午 / 下午 / 晚上

in those days 在当时 / in no time 立刻 / in the daytime 在白天 / in the future 在将来 / in one minute

在1分钟内 / 最后in the end

2、表示时间的某一点（或表示某时刻）如：钟点、年龄或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”

at ten o’clock / at seven thirty. （表示某一钟点）at noon / at night / at midnight （在中午、晚上、半夜――一天中相对短暂的时间）at that time 在那时 / at the moment 这时、那时、此刻 / at first 首先 / at last 最后＝in the end / at once 立刻、马上 / at / on (the) weekends 在周末 / 在一年中的这个时候at this time of year / 在… …开始/结束时at the beginning /end of。

3、表示某一天或者特定（某一天上下午）的时间用介词“on”。

on Monday / on Tuesday / on Wednesday / on Friday

on January 1 / on April 18 / on May 31

on January 1, 1988 / on April 18, 2002 / on May 31, 1977

值日on duty / 准时on time /

4、表示持续一段时间用介词“for”。“for”＋“段时间”

for two hours / for three days for hundreds of years

5、表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词“from … to …”

from 9 o’clock to 11 o’clock from February to April from then on从那时候起（用于一般过去时），

from now on从现在起（用于一般将来时），from time to time 时不时地

（二）表示方位的介词

在树上in the tree / 在同一个班in the same class / 在北京in Beijing

在世界上in the world / 在河里in the river / 在城市in a city

在阳光下in the sun / 在北方in the north / in China 在中国

在第五中学in No. 5 Middle School 在……的前部in the front of 在……前面in front of 在……中间/（内部）角落in the middle /corner of

（三）固定用法：

1. 住院in hospital / 在露天in the open air / 躺着看书read in bed

用英语in English / 穿红色的in red / 以…方式in … way of

表示大地方，表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用in，或表示在…范围之内。

2. 在…的尽头at the end of / 在大门口at the gate / 在第二个十字路口at the second crossing

在公共汽车站at the bus stop / 在校读书at school / 在家at home

at the station / airport / zoo / post office at the front door / at the cinema / supermarket /

表示较小的地方，表示空间的某一点，出入口等，选at

3. 在墙上on the wall / 在…的另一边on the other side of / 在左边/右边on the left/right

在左/右手边on the left/right hand side / 在火车上on the train

固定用法：访问… on a visit to … / 展览on show

再去…的路上on the way to … on my head / nose

表示附着在表面上，覆盖等，表示接触地面上、边上、线上，用on。

比如：a hole in the floor / wall There are many apples on the tree.

There are many birds in the tree.

几组表示位置关系的介词比较

1. Japan is in the east of Asia. 2. Japan is to the east of China.

3. Korea is on the northeast of China.

B is in the east of A.

D is to the east of A.

C is on the east of A.

随堂小练习参考答案

1. B B C 2. B C 3.A B D C

常用介词练习

( )1. Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night.

A. on ;at B. in ; in C. in ; at

( )2. He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students.

A. between B. with C. among

( )3. A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy.

A. with B. in C. on

( )4. They sent the letter to me ___ mistake.

A. by B. for C. with

( )5. He left home ___ a cold winter evening.

A. at B. on C. in

( )6. ____ my father’s help, I have finished my composition.

A. Under B. On C. with

( )7. He’s very strict ____ himself and he’s very strict ___ his work.

A. with ;in B. in ; with C. with ; with

( )8. I really can’t agree ____ you.

A. to B. on C. with

( )9. The shop won’t open ___ nine in the morning.

A. until B. at C. during

( )10. How about ___ the flowers now?

A. watering B. are wateringC. watered

( )11. She spent all his money ___ books.

A. in B. with C. on

( )12. They are talking ___ low voices.

A. with B. in C. on

( )13. It’s very kind ___ you to help us.

A. for B. to C. of

( )14. What will you have ___ breakfast this morning?

A. with B. for C. by

( )15. A plane is flying ____ the city.

A. on B. over C. above

( )16. You are free to speak ___ the meeting.

A. at B. in C. on

( )17. Mr. Green will stay in China___ Friday.

A. to B. on C. till

( )18. It’s wrong to play jokes ___ other people.

A. on B. of C. with

( )19. Which color do you like? I prefer blue ___ red.

A. for B. as C. to

( )20. The student will give us a talk ___ how to use our spare time.

A. for B. on C. in

( )21. I paid two hundred yuan ___ that kind of bicycle.

A. in B. for C. on

( )22. The doctor is very kind ___ his patients

A. to B. on C. at

( )23. We can’t live ___ air.

A. in B. with C. without

( )24. The child was afraid ___ the strange sound.

A. at B. for C. of

( )25. He was very angry ___ her for being late.

A. for B. with C. at

( )26. What do you think __ the play?

A. about B. like C. of

( )27. I think it’s the right way to work out the problem, but I am not

sure _____ it.

A. do B. about C. of

( )28. Reading ______ the sun isn’t good _____ you

A. under ;for B. in ; for C. in ; to

( )29. I won’t ask about it, I’m going to see it ______ my own eyes.

A. by B. for C. with

( )30. We go to school every day _____ Sunday.

A. except B. without C. on

( )31. There is a small river ___ the two towns.

A. in B. between C. among

( )32. Li Lei sometimes falls asleep ___ the lesson.

A. for B. through C. during

( )33. Mr. Black went to Paris _____ a few days.

A. for B. in C. after

( )34. They will leave ________ London next month.

A. to B. from C. for

( )35. Are you going to the zoo _____ bus or ______ my car?

A. on ;by B. by ; in C. on ; in

参考答案：

1-5 CCBAB 6-10 CACAA 11-15 CBCBC

16-20 ACACB 21-25 BACCB26-30 CBBCA

31-35 BCACB