英语的分词分为现在分词与过去分词。
分词可以做时间状语 伴随状语 方式状语 原因状语等
being afraid for school, he hurried to school without breakfast.原因状语
the six blind men stood by the road side. quarreling all day. 伴随状语
the teacher came into the class room, carry some books in his arms.方式状语
he came back. heart broken方式状语
worried about the time available. he made a list of shopping原因状语
区分现在分词 还是过去分词的办法就是看看主语/被修饰词是主动/正在用现在分词
被动/状态用过去分词
现在分词作状语的意义：
动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末
一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示：
1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。
2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。
如： When she saw those pictures ，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。
As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。
二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since)
如： As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。
三．-ing分词也可作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once)
If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功
四．ing分词也可作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句（引导词有although,though,even if ,even though)
Although they knew all this ，they made me pay for the damage. = Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
五．现在分词可以做方式状语、伴随状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，是主语的另一个、较次要的动作，相当于一个由and引导的并列结构。
She came into the house,and carried a lot of books. =She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧着许多书走进了房间。
He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time. =He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
温馨提示：伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态
六．现在分词表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，相当于一个并列谓语 His father died, and left him a lot of money. =His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, and broke it into pieces. =She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片
