- 功能：陈述事实、观点或信息，句末用句号（.）。
- 特点：
- 可以是肯定或否定形式。
- 主语通常位于谓语动词前（倒装句除外）。
- 英语中最基础且使用频率最高的句型。
二、陈述句的核心结构1. 简单陈述句（Simple Declarative）
- 结构：主语 谓语（ 宾语/补语/状语）
- 例句：
- Birds sing. （主语 谓语）
- She writes novels. （主语 谓语 宾语）
- The cake smells delicious. （主语 系动词 形容词补语）
- He works in a hospital. （主语 谓语 介词短语作状语）
- 结构：独立分句 并列连词（and, but, or, so） 独立分句
- 例句：
- I wanted to order pizza, but the restaurant was closed.
- She finished her report, and she submitted it on time.
- 结构：主句 从属连词（because, if, that 等） 从句
- 例句：
- I know that you are busy. （宾语从句）
- Although it rained, the event was successful. （让步状语从句）
三、陈述句的细分类型与例句1. 肯定陈述句
- 结构：直接陈述事实或观点。
- 例句：
- The Earth orbits the Sun. （客观事实）
- She has completed her degree. （现在完成时）
- They will launch a new product. （将来时）
- 否定形式：
- 在助动词（do/does/did）、情态动词（can/must）或系动词（be）后加 not。
- 使用否定词（no, never, hardly 等）。
- 例句：
- He does not drink coffee. （助动词 not）
- There are no easy answers. （否定词 名词）
- She has never visited London. （否定副词）
- 结构：主语 be动词 过去分词（ by 执行者）
- 例句：
- The proposal was approved by the committee. （过去时）
- New laws are being drafted. （现在进行时被动）
- The results will be announced tomorrow. （将来时被动）
- 结构：There be动词 主语 地点/时间状语
- 时态扩展：
- There was a storm last night. （过去时）
- There has been an error in the system. （现在完成时）
- There will be a meeting at 3 PM. （将来时）
- 结构：It is/was 强调部分 that/who 其他
- 例句：
- It was her dedication that impressed everyone.
- It is the quality that matters, not the price.
- 部分倒装：助动词提前至主语前。
- Never have I seen such a spectacular view.
- Only after the test did he realize his mistake.
- 完全倒装：谓语动词全部提前至主语前。
- Here comes the bus.
- On the wall hangs a famous painting.
四、陈述句的时态与结构对照表
时态 | 肯定句 | 否定句 | 被动语态 |
一般现在时 | She teaches biology. | She does not teach math. | English is spoken worldwide. |
现在进行时 | They are building a bridge. | They aren't wasting time. | A new road is being constructed. |
现在完成时 | He has solved the problem. | He hasn't replied yet. | The documents have been signed. |
一般过去时 | We visited the museum. | We didn't see the exhibit. | The letter was sent yesterday. |
过去完成时 | She had left before dawn. | They hadn't expected the delay. | The project had been completed ahead of schedule. |
五、常见错误与修正
1. 主谓一致错误
- ❌ The group of students are protesting.
- ✅ The group of students is protesting. （主语是 "group"）
2. 双重否定
- ❌ I don't need no help.
- ✅ I don't need any help. / I need no help.
3. 语序混乱
- ❌ Always she is on time.
- ✅ She is always on time.
4. 被动语态误用
- ❌ The book was wrote by Hemingway.
- ✅ The book was written by Hemingway.
六、特殊注意事项
1. 口语中的省略：
- (It) Looks like rain.
- (I) Hope you feel better.
2. 否定转移（常见于 think/believe 等动词）：
- ❌ I think he isn't honest.
- ✅ I don't think he is honest.
3. 形式主语（It）的陈述句：
- It is important to review your notes.
- It seems that she forgot the meeting.
七、实战应用例句
1. 学术写作：
- The data indicates a significant correlation between these variables.
2. 日常交流：
- I prefer tea to coffee, but my brother disagrees.
3. 商务邮件：
- The contract has been reviewed by our legal team, and all terms are acceptable.
