122 原子序数

Atomic Number

（https://www.nuclear-power.com/）

原子序数

The atomic number or proton number is defined as the total number of protons in the nucleus and is given the symbol Z. The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the atomic number. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore Ze.

原子序数或质子数定义为原子核中质子的总数，用符号Z表示。电中性原子中的电子数量与原子序数相同。因此，原子核的总电荷是 Ze。

The atom consists of a small but massive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of rapidly moving electrons. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the atomic number (or the proton number) of the atom and is given the symbol Z.

原子由一个小而重的原子核组成，其周围环绕着一团快速移动的电子。原子核是由质子和中子组成的。原子核中质子的总数称为原子序数（或质子数），并用符号Z表示。

The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the total electrical charge of the nucleus is Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals 1,602 x 10-19coulombs. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom.

电中性原子中的电子数与原子核中的质子数相同。因此，原子核的总电荷为 Ze，其中e（基本电荷）等于1.602 × 10^-19库仑。每个电子都受到原子核中正电荷和其他（Z - 1）负电荷产生的电场的影响。

Since the number of electrons is responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements.

由于电子的数量决定了原子的化学行为，所以原子序数可以识别各种化学元素。

注：

（以下内容来自百度百科）

原子序数（atomic number）是指元素在周期表中的序号，符号为Z，在数值上等于原子核的核电荷数（即质子数）或中性原子的核外电子数。例如碳的原子序数是6，它的核电荷数(质子数)或核外电子数也是6。

（待续）