• 操作系统：Rocky Linux 8.5
• Vcpu：2
• 内存：4G
• 网络：互联网

wget https://dev.MYSQL.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.29-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz
#或者
wget https://dev.MySQL.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz

或者进入Mysql官网下载，点击以下链接直达下载地址：

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/，根据对应信息，下载版本进行安装。

• 配置 selinux

# enforcing 开启selinux
# permissive 宽松模式，记录但不操作
# disabled 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX\=enforcing/SELINUX\=permissive/g' /etc/selinux/config

• 配置防火墙 生产环境防火墙需开启

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
# 关闭开机自动启动
systemctl disabled firewalld.service

• 配置 NUMA

查看 numa

[root@mysqldb_master mysql]# numactl --hardware
available: 1 nodes (0)
node 0 cpus: 0 1
node 0 size: 3736 MB
node 0 free: 2267 MB
node distances:
node 0
0: 10

available: 1 nodes (0) #如果是 2 或多个 nodes 就说明 numa 没关掉

或者

[root@mysqldb_master local]# dmesg | grep -i numa
[ 0.000000] No NUMA configuration found

如果输出结果为：
No NUMA configuration found
说明 numa 为 disable，如果不是上面的内容说明 numa 为 enable

关闭 numa

vim /etc/default/grub

或者在 mysql 的 my.cnf 中，配置 innodb_numa_interleave 参数，将其设置为 ON

mysql> show variables like '%NUMA%';
ERROR 4031 (HY000): The client was disconnected by the server because of inactivity. See wait_timeout and interactive_timeout for configuring this behavior.
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 22
Current database: *** NONE ***
------------------------ -------
| Variable_name | Value |
------------------------ -------
| innodb_numa_interleave | OFF |
------------------------ -------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

还有其他方式，如想知道请自行查询资料

• 操作系统资源限制

echo "
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
* soft noFile 65536
* hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

• 配置用户组及用户

如无特殊说明，都是使用 root 用户操作

groupadd -g 999 mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /usr/local/mysql -MN mysql

这里 bash 是 nologin，也就是没有 shell，用户不能登录 bash 中，提高安全性

• 解压包

cd /soft
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz

• 软件包统一放在/usr/local 下面，做个软链接，方便以后升级

cd /usr/local
ls -s /soft/mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

• 解绑

cd /usr/local
unllink mysql

• 创建数据目录并配置权限

mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,logs,tmp}
chow -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chow -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

• 创建 my.cnf 文件
  去网站上自动生成，根据自己的需要再进行修改方便靠谱的 my.cnf 生成工具
  [client]
  port = 3306
  socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
  [mysql]
  prompt = "\u@mysqldb_master \R:\m:\s [\d]> "
  no_auto_rehash
  [mysqld]
  user = mysql
  port = 3306
  #主从复制或MGR集群中，server_id记得要不同
  #另外，实例启动时会生成 auto.cnf，里面的 server_uuid 值也要不同
  #server_uuid的值还可以自己手动指定，只要符合uuid的格式标准就可以
  server_id = 3306
  basedir = /app/mysql
  datadir = /data/mysql/data
  socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
  pid_file = mysqldb_master.pid
  character_set_server = UTF8MB4
  skip_name_resolve = 1
  #若你的MySQL数据库主要运行在境外，请务必根据实际情况调整本参数
  default_time_zone = " 8:00"
  #启用admin_port，连接数爆满等紧急情况下给管理员留个后门
  admin_address = '127.0.0.1'
  admin_port = 33062
  #performance setttings
  lock_wait_timeout = 3600
  open_files_limit = 65535
  back_log = 1024
  max_connections = 10
  max_connect_errors = 1000000
  table_open_cache = 200
  table_definition_cache = 200
  thread_stack = 512K
  sort_buffer_size = 4M
  join_buffer_size = 4M
  read_buffer_size = 8M
  read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
  bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
  thread_cache_size = 15
  interactive_timeout = 600
  wait_timeout = 600
  tmp_table_size = 32M
  max_heap_table_size = 32M
  #log settings
  log_timestamps = SYSTEM
  log_error = /data/mysql/data/error.log
  log_error_verbosity = 3
  slow_query_log = 1
  log_slow_extra = 1
  slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/data/slow.log
  long_query_time = 0.1
  log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
  log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 60
  min_examined_row_limit = 100
  log_slow_admin_statements = 1
  log_slow_slave_statements = 1
  log_bin = /data/mysql/data/mybinlog
  binlog_format = ROW
  sync_binlog = 1 #MGR环境中由其他节点提供容错性，可不设置双1以提高本地节点性能
  binlog_cache_size = 4M
  max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
  max_binlog_size = 1G
  binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
  binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 604800
  #MySQL 8.0.22前，想启用MGR的话，需要设置binlog_checksum=NONE才行
  binlog_checksum = CRC32
  gtid_mode = ON
  enforce_gtid_consistency = TRUE
  #myisam settings
  key_buffer_size = 32M
  myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
  #replication settings
  relay_log_recovery = 1
  slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
  slave_parallel_workers = 64 #可以设置为逻辑CPU数量的2倍
  binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking = WRITESET
  slave_preserve_commit_order = 1
  slave_checkpoint_period = 2
  #mgr settings
  loose-plugin_load_add = 'mysql_clone.so'
  loose-plugin_load_add = 'group_replication.so'
  loose-group_replication_group_name = "aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaa1"
  #MGR本地节点IP:PORT，请自行替换
  loose-group_replication_local_address = "172.16.16.10:33061"
  #MGR集群所有节点IP:PORT，请自行替换
  loose-group_replication_group_seeds = "172.16.16.10:33061,172.16.16.11:33061,172.16.16.12:33061"
  loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = OFF
  loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group = OFF
  loose-group_replication_exit_state_action = READ_ONLY
  loose-group_replication_flow_control_mode = "DISABLED"
  loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode = ON
  loose-group_replication_communication_max_message_size = 10M
  loose-group_replication_unreachable_majority_timeout = 30
  loose-group_replication_member_expel_timeout = 5
  loose-group_replication_autorejoin_tries = 288
  #innodb settings
  transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
  #系统内存的0.7
  innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2867M
  innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4
  innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
  innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #MGR环境中由其他节点提供容错性，可不设置双1以提高本地节点性能
  innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
  innodb_log_file_size = 1G #如果线上环境的TPS较高，建议加大至1G以上，如果压力不大可以调小
  innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
  innodb_max_undo_log_size = 4G
  # 根据您的服务器IOPS能力适当调整
  # 一般配普通SSD盘的话，可以调整到 10000 - 20000
  # 配置高端PCIe SSD卡的话，则可以调整的更高，比如 50000 - 80000
  innodb_io_capacity = 4000
  innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
  innodb_open_files = 65535
  innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
  innodb_lru_scan_depth = 4000
  innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10
  innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
  innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
  innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 4G
  innodb_print_ddl_logs = 1
  innodb_status_file = 1
  #注意: 开启 innodb_status_output & innodb_status_output_locks 后, 可能会导致log_error文件增长较快
  innodb_status_output = 0
  innodb_status_output_locks = 1
  innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
  innodb_adaptive_hash_index = OFF
  #提高索引统计信息精确度
  innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages = 500
  #innodb monitor settings
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_innodb"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_server"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_dml"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_ddl"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_trx"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_os"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_purge"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_log"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_lock"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_buffer"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_index"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_ibuf_system"
  innodb_monitor_enable = "module_buffer_page"
  #innodb_monitor_enable = "module_adaptive_hash"
  #pfs settings
  performance_schema = 1
  #performance_schema_instrument = '%memory%=on'
  performance_schema_instrument = '%lock%=on'
  [mysqldump]
  quick
• 初始化数据库
  初始化时可以有密码也可以没有
  有密码：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf --initialize

无密码：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf --initialize-insecure

如果有问题，会马上返回，没问题，等一会就会返回。

日志如下：

[root@mysqldb_master logs]# cat error.log
2022-07-22T10:30:28.758075 08:00 0 [Warning] [MY-000081] [Server] option 'table_definition_cache': unsigned value 200 adjusted to 400.
2022-07-22T10:30:28.759983 08:00 0 [Warning] [MY-011068] [Server] The syntax 'log_slow_slave_statements' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use log_slow_replica_statements instead.
2022-07-22T10:30:28.760210 08:00 0 [Note] [MY-010096] [Server] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --initialize(-insecure).
2022-07-22T10:30:28.760238 08:00 0 [Note] [MY-010949] [Server] Basedir set to /soft/mysql-8.0.29-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal/.
......

• 配置 mysql 环境

vim /etc/profile
#MYSQL_HOME
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

• 更新环境变量

source /etc/profile

• 启动数据库
• mysqld_safe 启动（rpm 安装没有对应的文件）

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf &

• mysqld 启动

mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf &

启动成功会有对应的日志。

• 修改 root 密码

[root@mysqldb_master logs]# mysql -S /data/mysql/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.29 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> alter user user() identified by 'mysql';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

• 初始化过程提示少 so 文件

[root@mysqldb_salve mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf --initialize
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@mysqldb_salve mysql]# dnf provides '*/libaio.so.1'
Last metadata expiration check: 1:41:20 ago on Fri 22 Jul 2022 09:13:49 AM CST.
libaio-0.3.112-1.el8.i686 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library
Repo : baseos
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/lib/libaio.so.1
libaio-0.3.112-1.el8.x86_64 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library
Repo : baseos
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/lib64/libaio.so.1
rpm -qf /lib64/libaio.so.1

• 连接过程提示缺少 so 文件

[root@mysqldb_salve mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld -S /tmp/mysql.sock -p
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@mysqldb_salve mysql]# dnf provides '*/libncurses.so.5'
Last metadata expiration check: 1:44:42 ago on Fri 22 Jul 2022 09:13:49 AM CST.
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
Repo : baseos
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
Repo : baseos
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5
[root@mysqldb_salve mysql]# dnf install ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64 -y