时间状语从句小结
时间状语从句
一.时间状语从句常用引导词
when, while, as, before, after, until, till, since,
immediately, directly, instantly, as soon as, the moment,
every time, each time,
hardly…when…, no sooner …than…
三.重点，难点，考点
1.while “与……同时，在……期间,趁着”，从句动作是延续性的，侧重主句动作与从句相对比。
Eg.1.While he was reading, his wife was cooking.
2.They rushed in while we were discussing.
3.Strike the iron while it is hot.趁热打铁。
日常总结：1.while引导的从句常用进行时态。
2.通常主从句的主语不同。
3.while还可以表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，多放在句首。While I admit his good points, I can see his bad.
尽管我承认他有优点，我也知道他有缺点。
2.when 除了“当……时候”讲，还可译为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time,强调动作的突然性
常用句式有：be about to do… when…
be doing…when…
be on the point of doing…when…
译为“正要……时突然……”
…had done…when…
“还没/刚刚……就……”
It be 时间点 when…
当……时是……时间
Eg. We were about to leave when it began to rain.
He was about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the shoulder.
I had not been reading for half an hour when I heard steps outside.
It was 8:00 in the evening when he went back from work.
3.As “一边…一边…”“随着…”主从句主语常相同
Eg.As she sang,tears ran down her cheeks.
We get wiser as we get older.
我们随着年龄的增长而变得聪明起来。
4.before “在…之前，才，就，不等…就……，还没来得及……就……”
Eg.The ring stopped before I could answer the phone
我还没来得及接电话，电话铃就停了。
常用句式：
It was 一段时间 before 从句 “过了多久才…… ”
It wasn’t 一段时间 before 从句 “没过多久就…… ”
It will be 一段时间 before 从句 “要过多久才……”
It won’t be 一段时间 before 从句 “不用过多久就会…”
Eg. It was two years before we met again.
又过了两年我们才再次相见。
It wasn’t two years before we met again.
相隔没到两年我们就又见面了。
It will be long before we meet again.
要过很长时间我们才能再见面。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
不用过很长时间我们就又能见面了。
5.until和till 的用法
1）用于肯定句中，主句常用延续性动词
I waited till/until he arrived.
2) 否定式not… until…“直到……才……”,until后可接表时间的短语或从句。
He didn’ go home until he finished his work/midnight.
3）not until表示强调，放于句首时，主句要部分倒装
Not until he finished his work did he go home.
我昨晚直到半夜才上床睡觉。
I didn’t go to bed until midnight last night.
Not until midnight last night did I go to bed.
4)not until在强调句中的应用：It is/was not until…that…
It was not until midnight that I went to bed last night.
6.since 常用句式
It is /has been 一段时间 since 从句（谓语一般过去时）
1)从句谓语是延续性动词，则译为“自从不做某事已经多 长时间了”
It is /has been two years since he smoked.
他已有两年不抽烟了。
2)从句谓语是非延续性动词，则译为“自从做某事已经多长时间了”
他去世已有两年了。
It is /has been two years since he died.
7.It /This/That is the 序数词 time (that) sb. have done…
It /This/That was the 序数词 time (that) sb. had done…
某人第几次做某事
Eg.这是我第一次读这个故事。
It is the first time that I have read this story.
☻the first time 和for the first time的区别
He met with her for the first time. (在句中只做时间状语)
他第一次遇见她。
He fell in love with her the first time he met with her. (起到连词的作用，引导从句)
他第一次遇见她就爱上了她。
The first time I saw him, he was repairing his car.
8.“一……就……”的表达法
as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, no sooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…
Eg. He started his search the moment he reached the country.
他一到那个国家就开始了他的搜寻工作。
他一写完作业就去看电视了。
He started to watch TV as soon as/ immediately/ directly/ instantly/ the moment/ the minute/ the second/the instant he finished his homework.
hardly／scarcely…when…；no sooner…than…一……就……
1).必须记住相应的搭配。
2). hardly／scarcely和no sooner所在的句子是主句，而when和than引导的是从句，谓语动词用一般过去时。
when和than引导的从句不能放在主句之前。
3).句式：Sth./Sb. had no sooner done sth. than sb. did sth.
Sth./Sb. had hardly done sth. when sb. did sth.
Sth./Sb. had scarcely done sth. when sb. did sth.
Eg.I had no sooner opened the door than he rushed out.
He had hardly/scarcely seen the policeman when he ran away.
4).当hardly／scarcely和no sooner提到句首时，紧跟其后的从句用部分倒装。No sooner had sth./sb. done…than…did….
Hardly had sth./sb. done…when…did….
Scarcely had sth./sb. done…when…did….
例如：
I had no sooner opened the door than he rushed out.
= I had hardly opened the door when he rushed out.
= Hardly had I opened the door when he rushed out.
= No sooner had I opened the door than he rushed out.
= As soon as I opened the door he rushed out.
= He rushed out as soon as I opened the door.
9. every time, each time, next time, any time, the first time, all the time等名词性短语可以用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每次，下次，任何时候，第一次…”等。
Eg. Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次来这时，记得带上你儿子。
每次他高兴时就会唱起歌来。
He will sing every time he is happy.
时间状语从句专项练习
I. Choose the best answer.
1. I learnt her hard-working and kind _______ I got to know her in the bookstore.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
2. It was not _______ he took off his dark glass ____I realise who he was.
A. when; that B. until; when
C. when; then D. until; that
3. It was 19 years _______ Mandela, the former president of South Africa, was set free from prison.
A. before B. since C. until D. that
4. _______ had the bell rung _______ the students took their seats.
A. Hardly; when B. No sooner; when
C. Hardly; than D. No sooner; then
5.We walked along the beach for nearly three hours _______ we saw a boat on the sea.
A. when B. before C. unless D. until
6.The two brothers quarreled and quarreled _______ they felt sleepy and went to bed.
A. when B. before C. unless D. until
7. It was quite a long time _______ I made it out what had happened.
A. after B. before C. when D. since
8. We sent the injured to the First-aid Centre_______ the accident happened.
A. immediately B. hurriedly
C. quickly D. shortly
II. Fill in the blanks with proper conjunctions.
2. _______ she got the pay, she put it away in the bank.
3. I was wandering through the street _______ I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.
4. He was drinking juice _______ the rest of us drank whisky.
5 _______ you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer
to you.
6. We walked along the seaside about two hours _______ we came to a fisherman’s village.
7. The sailor stayed on the lonely island ____ a ship passed there and saved him.
8. It was eight years_______ the Chinese people drove off the Japanese aggressors.
参考答案:
1—5 CDAAB 6—8 DBA 2. As soon as 3 when 4. while
5 When 6 before 7 until 8 before
【重点归纳】
引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, while, before, as, since, till, the moment, the first time等。
一、由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
1. when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬时动词。when有时表示“就在那时”。如：
When she came in, I was doing some housework. (瞬时动词)
When I lived with the Smiths, we used to discuss international issues together. (延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in. (when表示“就在那时”)
2. while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
(was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
3. as 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词表示延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时
发生，有时也可以强调动作一先一后发生。如：
We always sing as we walk.
As we were playing out, it began to snow.
二、由till或until引导的时间状语从句
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。需要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。如：
Don’t open it till your birthday.
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.
Continue in this direction until you see a sign.
I didn’t work until he came back.
三、由since引导的时间状语从句
1. 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
We have been missing them since they left here.
2. 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去式时，则从
句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如：
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?
John is now with his parents in New York. It is already three years since he was a teacher.
四、由as soon as, immediately等引导的时间状语从句
as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute等这些词语均表示“一……就……”。如：
I want to see her the moment she arrives.
I came immediately I heard the news.
注意：hardly (scarcely, rarely) … when / before; no sooner … than也表示“刚……就……”，但是其主句使用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，而且，当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。如：
Hardly had we begun our walk when it began to rain.
I had no sooner left than she called.
五、由each time, every time引导的时间状语从句。如：
Each time she moved her head she let out a moan.
六、由by the time引导的时间状语从句
如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去式，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓动词用一般现在式，主句的谓语动词用将来完成式。如：
By the time they get here, we’ll have finished the work.
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.
七、由the first time引导的时间状语从句
the first time常引导时间状语从句，其重点不是讲第一次做什么，而是说明另一动作或情况；也可以作表语，强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。如：
I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.
比较：for the first time表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事，在句中一般单独作状语。如：
The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term.
