简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。对简单句的基本句型结构的考查是中考常见考点。
考点一：主语 系动词 表语。如：
That dress looks nice on you.
温馨提示：
初中阶段所学的系动词有be, seem, keep, stay, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become, get, turn, fall等。
考点二：主语 不及物动词。如：
Spring has come early.
考点三：主语 及物动词 宾语。如：
She has just done the dishes.
考点四：主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语。如：
They never gave me a chance.
考点五：主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语。如：
My parents always make me do my homework quickly.
I thought him a very nice young man.
考点六：there be句型。该句型结构为“There be 主语 地点状语 / 时间状语”。该句型有各种时态的变化，其一般现在时结构为“There is / are 主语 ...”；其一般过去时结构为“There was / were 主语 ...”；其一般将来时结构为“There will be / There is / are going to be 主语 ...”；其现在完成时结构为“There has / have been 主语 ... ”。如：
There is much time left.
There was a knock on the door.
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 连词成句
1. you, tea, like, some, would
_______________________________________________________________________________?
2. temperature, is, what, your
_______________________________________________________________________________?
3. that, pass, ruler, me, yellow
_______________________________________________________________________________.
4. here, zoo, is, near, a, there
_______________________________________________________________________________.
5. bike, on time, Kate, the, returned
_______________________________________________________________________________. (2020 河北)
Ⅱ. 汉译英
1. 这个周末，威海有一场大型音乐会。(2020 山东威海)
_______________________________________________________________________________.
2. 他从来没走那么远。(2020 山东威海)
_______________________________________________________________________________.
3. 妈妈叫我不要玩电脑游戏。
_______________________________________________________________________________.
主从复合句
初中阶段要求掌握的主从复合句主要有宾语从句和状语从句。对于定语从句，《义务教育英语课程标准》中仅要求能辨认出由that，which，who引导的限定性定语从句，并能理解句子意思。
一、宾语从句
考点一：关联词及作用。
关联词 | 作用 |
that | 本身无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，常可省略。 |
if, whether | 意为“是否”，在从句中不充当句子成分，但不能省略。 |
what, who, whose, whom, which | 在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语等，不能省略。 |
when, where, why, how | 在从句中作状语，不能省略。 |
考点二：语序。宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。
考点三：主从句时态。
主句 | 从句 |
一般现在时 | 根据实际情况选用合适的时态 |
一般过去时 | 用过去的某种时态 |
用一般现在时(如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象) |
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. I wonder _______ Tom had a good time having a picnic yesterday.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. which (2019 甘肃武威、白银)
( )2. —I don’t know _______ we will go.
—Why not? We will go to the beach for a picnic.
A. where
B. when
C. how (2019 青海)
( )3. —I wonder _______ the students have a physical examination.
—Once a year.
A. how far
B. how soon
C. how long
D. how often (2019 安徽)
( )4. —Hi, Shirley. Could you tell me _______?
—At 11:30 tomorrow morning.
A. when you will arrive
B. when will you arrive
C. where you will arrive (2019 湖南湘西州)
( )5. —Kate, do you know _______?
—I’m not sure. Maybe a Bird-watching Society worker.
A. where can I watch birds
B. what is the man with a camera
C. where I can watch birds
D. what the man with a camera is (2019 江苏扬州)
( )6. —Could you please tell me _______ mooncakes traditionally in China, Li Hua?
—During the Mid-Autumn Festival.
A. when people ate
B. when people eat
C. when do people eat (2019 湖南邵阳)
( )7. —Could you tell me _______ for the fruit?
—By paying over the Internet.
A. how much will I pay
B. how much I will pay
C. how will I pay
D. how I will pay (2019 天津)
( )8. —I don’t know if Sam _______ tomorrow.
—Don’t worry. I will tell you as soon as he _______.
A. will come, comes
B. comes, will come
C. will come, will come
D. comes, comes (2019 甘肃天水)
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. “Will the exhibition be held in Shanghai?” Olivia asked her secretary. (改为间接引语)
Olivia asked her secretary _______ the exhibition _______ be held in Shanghai. (2020 上海)
2. Jeff asked his students, “Do you know it is important to protect the earth?” (改为间接引语)
Jeff asked his students _______ they _______ it is important to protect the earth. (2020 贵州黔西南州)
3. When will Ms. Zhu leave? I didn’t know. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
I didn’t know _______ Ms. Zhu _______ leave. (2020 甘肃天水)
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 我很好奇你在艺术节唱了哪首歌。
I wonder _______ song _______ _______ at the art festival. (2020 广东广州)
2. 我不介意他喜欢与否。
I _______ care if he _______ it or not. (2020 四川甘孜州)
3. 那位著名的作家说他已经创作完成了第五部科幻小说。(finish)
The famous writer says _______________________. (2020 湖北襄阳)
4. 我想知道他们是否已经去过那家新的书店。(2020 江苏苏州)
___________________________________________
二、状语从句(该部分考点详见“连词专讲专练”中的“从属连词”)
三、限定性定语从句
考点一：当先行词为物时，可用关系代词that / which引导定语从句，that / which 在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)。注意：当先行词由人和物两种以上构成时，只能用that来引导定语从句。
考点二：当先行词为人时，可用关系代词who / that 引导定语从句，who / that 在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)。注意：当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，通常用 whom 引导定语从句。
考点三：当先行词被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰或当先行词是不定代词时，关系代词通常用that。
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. The movie _______ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.
A. who
B. which
C. where
D. when (2019 甘肃兰州)
( )2. —Tomorrow is Father’s Day. What’s your surprise for your father?
—The first thing _______ I will do is to make a card for him.
A. who
B. where
C. whose
D. that (2019 湖北黄冈)
( )3. —Do you know the man _______ spoke at the meeting just now?
—No, I don’t know.
A. what
B. who
C. which
D. whose (2019 山东滨州)
( )4. China is getting better at making hi-tech products _______ can be bought in all parts of the world.
A. who
B. which
C. what (2019 湖南长沙)
( )5. My mother doesn’t like stories _______ have sad endings.
A. that
B. who
C. where
D. those (2019 四川遂宁)
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. That is his old house. He lived there for twenty years. (合并为一句)
That is his old house _______ _______ he lived for twenty years. (2020 四川达州)
2. I’ve finished reading a book. The book was written by Mark Twain. (合并为一句)
I’ve finished reading a book _______ _______ written by Mark Twain.
参考答案:
语法专项复习（8）简单句和主从复合句专讲专练
简单句
Ⅰ.
1. Would you like some tea
2. What is your temperature
3. Pass me that yellow ruler
4. There is a zoo near here
5. Kate returned the bike on time
Ⅱ.
1. There will be / is going to be a big concert in Weihai this weekend. / A big concert will be held in Weihai this weekend.
2. He has never / not walked / gone / traveled so / that far.
3. My mother told me not to play computer games.
主从复合句
一、宾语从句
Ⅰ. 1—5 BADAD 6—8 BDA
Ⅱ. 1. if / whether; would 2. if / whether; knew 3. when; would
Ⅲ. 1. which; you sang 2. don't; likes
3. he has already finished his fifth science fiction
4. I wonder if / whether they have been to that new bookshop.
三、限定性定语从句
Ⅰ. 1—5 BDBBA
Ⅱ. 1. in which 2. that / which was
写在最后
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