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语法基础知识学习,包括几个步骤:
1. 概念:了解阶段
2. 分类:加深理解
3. *建立知识网络
4. 类推:灵活运用规则、技能熟练
5. 反思:错误的矫正、认知提升
以动词为例:
【动词知识核心】
(一)分类:谓语动词和非谓语动词
A. 谓语动词命题点:
1、时态变化
明确的时间状语
In recent years, stress (33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
句中有明确的时间状语——介词词组、副词、名词词组等:In recent years 是典型的完成时时间状语,所以:has been regarded
句子内部的协调
The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles(珀耳贴片)that produce energy when one side ___26____(heat)and the other side remains cool.
包含主从句、或并列句,可根据另一个分句的时态推算。句中的that、主句都是现在时,可知为is heated。
句子之外的推理
Our life (39) _____(interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptom.
句子内部无任何时间提示,根据上下文推算。此处所说事实充满“抱怨”,所以:has been interrupted/is being interrupted/is interrupted
2、语态变化
To business with garbage containers 'polluted' with more than 10 recyclables, warnings(27)_________ (issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.
语态的判断,难点在于动词的及物性意义。Issue的及物动词意义“颁布、发布”,这里是are issued。
B. 非谓语动词:
区分重点,(1)在于行为的施受对象(主动还是被动);(2)行为完成的情况(已经完成、正在进行、或是未来才发生);(3)不定式和动名词的搭配。
1、现在分词(ing):主动、进行中
I stood 23_____ (look) at him as she gave a detailed history.
主语I和look是“施”的关系,即主动;look和谓语动词stood是同时进行。故looking。
The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for 20 minutes, ___27___(use)only the warmth of the human hand.
主语flashlight和use是“施” 的关系,即主动;use和谓语动词produce 是同时进行。故using。