初中定语从句的用法和练习
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词where, when, why等。
三、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作
宾语时可省略。例如:
① Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
② The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)
2. which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
② The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3. who, whom都用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
① The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
② Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?
(作宾语)
小结:that—既可指人,也可指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略。
which—指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略。
who—指人,作主语,不能省略;作宾语(常用whom),可以省略。
注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。
注意——
(1) 当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词 which/whom”结构。例如:
① This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。
② Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2) 关系词只能用that而不用which的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:
This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f. 主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which。例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(3) 关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a. 先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that。例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b. 关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c. 引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that。例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
四、关系副词的用法
(1) when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2) where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。
(3) why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
I.单项填空。
1. —Do you know the man _________is talking with your father?
—Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. This is the best hotel in the city_________I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
3. Can you lend me the dictionary_________the other day?
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it
D. which you bought it
4. The man_________coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose
C. that of which D. which’s
5. The girl_________is reading under the tree_______my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was
C. who; is D. who; was
6. I love places_________the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
参考答案BCABC C
II.牵手中考。
1.Have you read the book_____is about the moon?
A. what B. it C. / D. which
2. The policeman caught the thief______has stolen Mr. Li’s computer.
A. which B. whose
C. whom D. who
3.)The basketball_____I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.
A. that B. where C. who D. when
4.The teachers______came for a visit are foreigners.
A. who B. whom
C. whose D. which
5. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion________you had with your dad
yesterday.
A. what B. which
C. when D. who
6. This is the camera ______my uncle gave me for my birthday.
A. which B. who C. what
7. "Get new knowledge by reviewing the old" is a famous saying by Confucius (孔子). He was a great thinker______words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today.
A. who B. who's C. whose
8.—Is there anyone here__name is Betty?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. who B. which
C. whom D. whose
9.—Where did you go last week?
—I went to Zhang Aiping’s hometown and visited the house_ he was born in.
A. that B. there
C. who D. whose
10. Is that the man_____helped us a lot after the earthquake?
A. which B. who C. whom
参考答案 DDAAB ACDAB