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1时态（8）一般现在时 ----v原形/单三------often/usually/every year

一般过去时-----v 过去式-----yesterday/ago。。

一般将来时---will/shall v原形/is/are/am going to v原---tomorrow/in 段时间

现在完成时-----has/have v 原形 -----ever/never/since/for/before/so far//

现在进行时-----is/are/am doing -------now/listen/look

过去进行时-----was/were doing ------ at 5 yesterday/

过去将来时------would v原形//was/were going to v 原形---------

重点现在完成时；主将从现：虚拟语气；主句与从句的时态的对应；by time ---

2.many / few/little / much

The reporters asked the man__questions, but he said___words.

A many,few

B.much, a little

C.a lot of, a few

D.some, a little

little，a little ，few， a few

a lot of ／some ／any

so many ／so much／ too many／ too much

可数名词/不可数名词

1._____about Wen Chuan earthquake keeps everyone in China in deep sorrow.

A.News

B. Information

C. Messages

D. Advice

2.British people eat____ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways.

A.chicken

B.beef

C.fish

D.potatoes

3. 复合形容词 a ten-day holiday ／three years old//three-year--old

4. 1）祈使句 and 简单句，祈使句 or 简单句

例如：Hold on your dreams, ____one day they may just come true.

A.and

B.but

C.so

D.or

2）祈使句 反问 Let's...，shall we？

3）Let us ...，will you？

4）祈使句，will you？

拓展：1祈使句的类型及否定形式

a，do型 /Don't v 原形

例如：Open the door。

Don't open the door

b，be 型 / Don't be...

例如： Be quiet!

Don't be hurry

例如：Let型 /Let somebody not do something

例如：Let him do it。

Let somebody not do something

Let him not do it

祈使句的回答1）建议---Good idea

2）警告 -----Sorry，I won't do it again

5、情态动词

can/may/must/need/would/should/might/could 否定

mustn't needn't 问答 -- Must/May/can I ，，，，？---No， ------

推测 must /can/could/may/might /can't be

例如：Must I do the dishes after dinner , Mum?

____. Review your lessons, please.

A.Yes, you must

B.Yes, you should

C.No, you mustn’t

D.No, you don’t have to

情态动词与被动结合

6、情景交际：

a，安慰----

b，赞美-----

c，祝福-----

d，祝福旅行愉快-----

e，打电话------Who is that speaking？

//Is that Tom speaking

//This is Tom speaking！

//Hold on ！

F，购物 ---What can I do for you？

/May/Can I do for you？- -----I would like ...

//I am looking for

G,介绍 ------介绍第三者 This is

H,问天气

I,问日期 What is the date？

问 星期 What day is it today ？

问点钟 What time is it？/What is the time？

问时间 when

祈使句的否定（带着警告，不满等语气）---Sorry ，I won't do it again

May I....?---No ，You may not//No ，you mustn't

Must I...？No，you needn't

J,建议 ------Good idea/That sounds great！

K,问看法What do you think of ．．．？/How do you like…？----Very much/Very well

L,Would you like？----Yes， please。/A little/few please。//No ，thanks

M,Would you like to ？

-----Yes ，I would like to…

／No,I would like to， but…

N，问天气。

O,将做-----Good luck！

P,已做成-----Congratulations！///Well done！

Q,未做出/成----I am sorry hear that

//what a pity

S,问路-----Excuse me/…

T,看病----

H,What does Mary look like?

L,What is Mary like?

N,约会 -------That ’s a deal

O,做判断-----I think so

//I think not

//I am afraid so

//I am afraid not/

//I hope so

//I hope not

P,问介意Would you mind...？

---Of course not

You had better not

P,就餐 Help yourself/yourselves ？

//Would you like...?

7无声交际（大写）

8．表“另一个”。

another 没有范围。另一个、再一个

the other 两者当中的另一个

the others 有指定范围的剩余的

others 无指定范围的剩余的

9．so和 such的区别。

1）so---how感叹句：

e.g.The boy is so clever. How clever the boy is!

such---what感叹句：e.g.He is such a clever boy.

What a clever boy he is!

2）so adj. n.such n.(可数或不可数都可以) adj.

3）so形容adj.such形容n.

4）so that ///so …that////such…that

10．问长相、人品。

How does he look? 问该人长相

What does he look like? 问该人长相

What is he like? 问该人怎样

What does he like? 问该人喜欢什么

11．while的具体用法和注意事项。

1）在…期间内：领导时间状语从句（复合句），用持续性动词

e.g.I have been away from Shanghai while he was in Beijing.

2）而：用于并列句，可作对比、强调“同时”，前后时态一致

e.g.I was doing my homework while he was playing computer.

*when

as

12．used的用法

过去常做：used to(不定式)do

习惯于做某事：be used to(prep.)doing

被用来…：be used to(不定式)do/ for doing

17．表示时期

in one’s fifties 在某人50几岁时

in the 1980s 在80年代

18．表示被动: be(根据时态而变) done **只有及物动词有被动式。

e.g.The question was raised by him.

情态动词 be pp

19．表最后

in the end除了表最后还可表示对未来的预计

at last多指经过主观努力

finally表次序最后，不含感情色彩较客观

eventually侧重于动作或行为的结果，也表最后

20．表示“也”

句末：...as well./...,too.

句中：also/either/as well as(和…一样为/连词，一起)

21．特殊动词

1）加to do

agree/fail/hope/wish/manage/plan/promise/refuse/seem/want/decide/offer to do sth.

2）加doing

enjoy/finish/admit/deny/consider/practice/go/suggest/mind doing sth.

3）加to do和doing含义不同的

try to do努力做某事；try doing试着做某事；

forget/remember…to do忘记/记得去做某事；forget/remember…doing忘记/记得做过某事；

stop to do停下来去做（另一件事）；stop doing停止做（眼前的事）；

go on to do停下并继续去做另一件事；go on doing不停做某事；

help to do帮助做某事；cannot help doing忍不住做某事

4）加to do 和doing 含义相差不大的

Love/like/prefer/begin/start to do 一次性，doing 经常性

I like swimming,but I don't like to swim today.

22． 感叹句 What...!/How...!

23.反意疑问句否定前移 主语为第一人称时，反意疑问句跟从句一致 e.g.I don't think he is a good boy,is he?

He must be...，—— ——？

there be...，—— ——？ 祈使句用Will you...? e.g.Go home now,will you?

**特例：Let’s用Shall we..?

24．表“是否”

用whether和if的宾语从句：表达效果相同

有.....or not的时候只能用whether，不能用if。

e.g.I wondered whether (or not) he would go (or not).

25．从句中的谓语（如量词，动词时态等）

1）谓语与B一致

Neither A nor B

Either A or B

Not only A but also B

Not A but B

2）谓语与A一致

A as well as B

A (together)with B

3）谓语用复数

...(both) A and B

26．本身带有否定意义的词

hardly、seldom、rarely、never、few、little

27．“的”固定搭配

1）用to：

the answer/key/reply to this question

the entrance to the building

the notes to the text

the solution to the problem

2）用for：the ticket for the film

28．不加the有特殊含义的

go to school/hospital/prison 上学、去医院、坐牢

29．some time的组合

some time 一段时间

some times 几次

sometimes 偶尔

sometime 表示某一点时间

30．不可数名词加形容词用作“可数”

a long history，a nice supper/breakfast/lunch，a great success

a good time，a happy life，a great joy，a 5-hour sleep

31．adj.加ly意义抽象化的

wide-宽广地 widely-广泛地

high-高地 highly-高度地

deep-深入地 deeply-深度地

close-亲密地 closely-接近地

31．不带to的不定式

let/make/have/hear/see sb. do

*see/hear sb do sth

see/hear sb doing sth

32．表达“我的观点”：我以为/认为/相信I think/suppose/believe...

1)需否定前移 e.g. He isn’t a student. - I don’t think he is a student.

2)主语为第一人称时，反意疑问句跟从句一致 e.g.I don't think he is a good boy,is he?

33．特殊疑问句中的不定式

除了由Why领导的特殊疑问句要用Why(not)do...?

其余的都用to do： e.g.what to do ； where to go

34．宾补后的prep.

当宾语补足语是不定式(to do)结构时，若do不可以与句子中的宾语连用时，必须加介词。

e.g.What I need is a pen to write with.

宾补是to write，宾语是pen，不能讲write a pen，因此要加介词with.

35．It代替不定式短语作形式主语时的prep.

It is adj. of/for sb. to do sth.

当上句中的adj.可用来形容sb.时，介词用of；其余用for

36．none的具体用法

1）none of 表示某范围中一个也没有

2）None 对How many/much的回答

*none//no of

37．到达的几种用法

get(vi.) to

arrive(vi.) in(大的地方)/at(小的地方)

reach(vt.)

**单独使用“到达”用arrive：e.g. I was on the way when he arrived.

get home

38．表“除了”

1）同类：

except 除了... e.g.We all went to the cinema except him.

besides 除此之外，还... e.g.What subject do you learn besides English?

2）不同类：

except for 除了...之外 e.g.The article is perfect except for a spelling mistake.

but 除了...(名词或代词、不定式) e.g.He eats nothing but fruit.

39．表“参加”

join 加入组织并成为一员 join(sb.) in sth./doing sth.

attend 出席

enter for 报名参加

take part in 参与、参加

40．宾语从句要点

1）宾语从句前后时态一致，且从句为陈述句语序

e.g.I wondered why he was late.

**某些特殊句型不需要变语序（换言之本身就是陈述句语序）

e.g.Can you tell me what’s the matter/wrong with you?

2）从句跟真理时，从句时态不变。

e.g.Mom told me that there is 365 days in a year.

3）Could翻译为“能够”的时候，表语气诚恳，不一定是过去式。

Could you tell me whether he is here or not?

41.重点的动词（时态）变形

lie-lay-lain 躺下

lay-laid-laid 下蛋

lie-lied-lied 说谎

hang-hung-hung 挂

hang-hanged-hanged 吊起

1．Here、there等前面不加介词：be/ go here/ there

2．by... - 到...为止

by 过去的一点时间 - 用过去完成式

e.g.He had read three books by the end of the summer holiday.

by now - 用现在完成式e.g.He has read three books by now.

3．独一无二的职业作表语、同位语、补语省略“the”

Bush is president of the USA. -作表语

Bush,president of America,is.... -作同位语

Americans elected Bush to be president. -作补语

4．as...as... e.g.He is as clever as I.

not so/as...as... e.g.He isn’t as/so clever as I.

as…as possible=as…as somebody can尽…可能

5．时间、距离、金钱不管多少都用作单数；作主语，则谓语用单数

6．far - farther(距离远)/further(程度) - farthest/furthest

7．形容词最高级加“the”，副词最高级可不加

8．过去分词作定语表被动 e.g.The boy who is called Jack...

现在分词作定语表主动 e.g.The waitress lying the table...

9．基数词 单n. adj.只能作定语，不可作表语

e.g.The two-year-old girl is called Jane.

eight years old////// two-year-old //// eight-year-old

10．need doing = need to be done 某事有待（需要）完成。

11．the police、the people始终用作复数 （ policeman/policewoman////////person）

class、family强调个体时用作复数；强调整体时用作单数

12．征求意见“你认为..怎样?”

What do you think of ...?/How do you like ...?

---------Very well/Very much

13．最高级 序数词 不定式 e.g.the first one to arrivethe 序数词 最高级 名词（单数）

eg：The Yellow River is the second longest river

one of the 最高级 名词（复数）eg： The Yellow River is one of the longestriversin China。

14．so as (not) to “为了”不能用于句首 （to、in order to可以）：后面跟短语in order toso that /in order that

15．like解释“好像”时作prep.，因此不能跟句子

16．以f结尾的名词多数改v es，如knives、loaves

**特例：roofs、proofs

以o 结尾名词，其中 tomato ，potato，hero---加es；其他 s

以y结尾1）元音字母 y-------加s eg：boy-----boys toy-----toys

2）辅音字母 y---变y 为i es eg：city --------cities

17．I find/think it...句中be动词可省略：

e.g.I find/think it difficult to learn English.

=I find/think it is difficult to learn English

18．quite/very 原级

**不能与enough连用 e.g....quite big enough for me to....

a lot/a bit/much/even。。。修饰比较级

19．too...to结构中，当主句主语作从句中宾语时，介词必须省略

e.g.The bag is too heavy to carry.

按动词分：

1．take：take in吸收

take part in参加

take place发生

take away 收拾，整理

take out拿走

take off脱下 飞机起飞

2．go：

go off响起

go out熄灭

go over复习

go wrong出错

go on继续

go up走上前去

3．Look：

look up查寻；抬头看

look for寻找

look out注意；留神

look at看着

look after

look like

look through

4．Put：

put off延期

put up举起；挂起

put out扑灭

put on穿

put down放下

5．Give：

give in屈服

give out分发

give off散发

give up放弃

6．Set：

set up建立

set out/off出发

7．Get：

get up起来

get off下车

get on上车

get along/on(with)进展；相处

get in进入；收集

get to到达

get back返回

8．Turn：

turn into变成 turn off关掉

turn down调低 turn on打开

9．Think：

think of想到

think about考虑

think over仔细考虑

按介词分：

10．Out：

come out出版

turn out被证明是

start out开花

give out分发

make out辨认出

take out取出

set out出发

work out做出

pick out挑选出

put out扑灭

sell out售完

let out放出

look out注意；留神

point out指出

11．Down：

turn down调低

write down写下

cut down砍下

pull down推倒

12．Off：

show off炫耀

go off响起

put off延期

give off散发

take off脱下

set off出发

get off下车

turn off关掉

fall off跌落

keep off阻挡

13．On：

keen on热衷于 rely on依靠 depend on依靠 call on拜访

get on上车 hold on等一等 later on过后；后来 live on靠…维生 operate on给…动手术

14．In：

check in办理登机

fill in填（表格）

hand in上交

join in参加

get in进入；收集

15．With：

deal with处理

meet with遭遇

do with处理；处置

16．Up：

go up走上前去

grow up长大

put up举起；挂起

give up放弃

get up起床

hold up举起

set up建立

take up开始从事

wake up叫醒

二 动词短语

come up with ，

catch up with ；

keep up with ；

take off；

take away；

take care of；

take care；

be careful ；

care about ；

care for；

fall off；

fall down；

look up；

look down；

look like；

look through；

look after；

look for ；

look into；

look forward to；

look out；

look ou of；

graduate from ；

devote…to 献身于、致力于 ；

put on ；

put up；

put off；

put away；

put out；

do with；

deal with；

agree with；

agree about ；

agree on；

disagree with ；

believe that ；

believe in ；

used to；

there used to be ；

be used to v 原形

be used to ving ；

be used for ；

use up；

make used of

be surprised at；

be interested in ；

be mad at ；

make me happy ；

make him tense ；

serve as ；

aim at ；

aim to；

lead to；

be supposed to ；

send to；

send for；

send up；

turn on ；

turn off ；

turn up；

turn down；

find out；

be made of；

be made from；

be made into；

be made in；

be made up of；

be made by；

make up；

make a mistake ；

make a face；

make noise；

make an example ；

be produced

try on；

have a try；

try one's best to do something；

try doing something；

be born；

be famous for；

be famous as；

seem to be ；

give first aid；

give up，

keep/stay healthy；

be good at ；

do well in；

make contribution to，；

be afraid to ；

be afraid for；

be full of；

be filled with ；

laugh at ；

think of；

think about；

think over