情态动词具有一定词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形连用一起构成谓语，用来表示愿望、态度或推测等。
考点一：can可表示现在或将来的能力，意为“能；会”。can还可表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。
考点二：could可表示过去的能力；当could表示请求、允许时，语气比can更加委婉和客气。couldn’t意为“不能”。
考点三：may表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。
考点四：might表示允许时，语气比may更加委婉和客气。
考点五：must表示义务、命令或必要，意为“必须”，强调主观看法。mustn’t表示“不允许；禁止”之意。
考点六：have to意为“不得不”，强调客观需要。
考点七：should意为“应该”，既可以表示义务或责任，也可以表示劝告或建议。其否定式为shouldn’t，意为“不应该”。
考点八：had better do sth. 意为“最好做某事”，其否定式是在better后加not。
考点九：need表示“需要”，通常用于否定句或疑问句中。
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. —Mum, may I play computer games this evening?
—No way, you _______ finish your homework.
A. can
B. must
C. may
D. will (2019 四川南充)
( )2. David, _______ you please sweep the floor and take out the trash?
A. could
B. may
C. might
D. must (2019 新疆维吾尔自治区 新疆生产建设兵团)
( )3. The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _______ worry about its weight.
A. must
B. may
C. can’t
D. needn’t (2019 安徽)
( )4. —Lily, _______ you finish the letter in ten minutes?
—Yes, I can.
A. must
B. should
C. need
D. can (2019 北京)
( )5. —Will you stay here for dinner with us?
—Sorry, I _______. My mother is waiting for me at home.
A. mustn’t
B. can’t C. needn’t
D. couldn’t (2019 江苏淮安)
( )6. —Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein _______ read until he was seven.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. couldn’t
D. needn’t (2019 江苏苏州)
( )7. Buses _______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can
B. may
C. must (2019 湖南怀化)
( )8. We should keep quiet in the library. We _______ speak loudly.
A. must
B. mustn’t
C. can
D. needn’t (2019 四川凉山州)
( )9. Every one of us _______ always breathe the same breath and share the same future as the people.
A. might
B. should
C. could (2019 湖南株洲)
( )10. According to the notice, guests at this hotel _______ use the sports center at no extra cost.
A. can
B. should
C. must
D. need (2019 江苏连云港)
Ⅱ. 汉译英
1. 你最好每天坚持锻炼。(2020 辽宁铁岭)
___________________________________________
2. 我会拼写这个单词。(2020 黑龙江绥化)
___________________________________________
3. 你可以坐下或者站起来。
___________________________________________
4. 他须考试及格, 才能开始工作。
___________________________________________
二、情态动词的推测用法
(以下情态动词对可能性的推测排列顺序由强到弱)
情态动词 | 肯定式 | 否定式 | 疑问式 |
must | 必定；必然 | / | / |
can | / | 不可能 | 有可能吗 |
could | 微弱的可能 | 不可能 | 有可能吗 |
may | 或许；也许 | 可能不 | / |
might | 可能 | 可能不 | / |
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. —Will Sam go to the cinema with us tonight?
—I’m not sure. He _______ not be free.
A. may
B. should
C. can (2019 湖南邵阳)
( )2. —A little bird entered through the open window to join us for dinner last night.
—Wow, the unexpected guest _______ welcomed.
A. will be
B. must be
C. won’t be
D. mustn’t be (2019 湖北宜昌)
( )3. You _______ walk on the wet hill path because you _______ fall and hurt yourself.
A. must; might not
B. mustn’t; might
C. needn’t; need
D. must; must (2019 天津)
( )4. Zhao Liying, who played in Legend of Chu Qiao, says, “As an actress, you _______ be hard-working.”
A. can
B. may
C. must (2019 四川宜宾)
( )5. —Who is singing in the next room?
—It _______ be Lisa, but I’m not sure.
A. must
B. may
C. need (2019 湖南湘潭)
( )6. —The beautiful lady with glasses over there looks like our English teacher.
—It _______ be her. She has gone abroad.
A. can’t
B. may not
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t (2019 湖北黄石)
Ⅱ. 汉译英
1. 这把雨伞一定是我妹妹的。(2020 辽宁丹东)
___________________________________________
2. 我们仍然可能会赢，毕竟比赛还没有结束。
___________________________________________
三、情态动词一般疑问句的回答
考点一：may表示请求时，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句中，其肯定回答可以用Yes, you can.，其否定回答除了 No，you may not. / No，you mustn’t. / No，you can’t.外，还有更温和的回答方式，如：I’m sorry. / I’d rather you didn’t. / I’m afraid not. / You’d better not.等。
考点二：在回答由must引起的一般疑问句时，肯定回答常用must，否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”。
考点三：在回答由need引起的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t。
考点四：在回答由could(请求对方许可，表示委婉语气)引起的一般疑问句时，肯定回答常用can，否定回答常用can’t / mustn’t等回答。在回答由can引起的表示请求的一般疑问句时，用can / can’t回答。
【考例链接】
单项选择
( )1. —Mum, may I go to see a film with my cousin?
—You _______ go if you have finished your homework.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can (2019 江苏宿迁)
( )2. —Mum, it’s too hot. _______ I swim in the lake?
—No, you _______. That’s too dangerous!
A. Should; can’t
B. Need; mustn’t
C. Must; needn’t
D. Could; mustn’t (2019 山东滨州)
( )3. —Must I finish this work at once?
—No, you _______.
A. can’t
B. won’t
C. needn’t (2019 青海)
( )4. —May I take the magazine out of the reading room?
—No, you _______. Please read it here.
A. mustn’t
B. wouldn’t
C. needn’t (2019 湖南郴州)
( )5. —_______ I take the magazine out of the reading room?
—I’m sorry you _______.
A. Could; couldn’t
B. Must; couldn’t
C. Will; can’t
D. May; can’t (2019 贵州毕节)
( )6. —Need we leave so soon?
—_______. We still have lots of time.
A. Yes, we need
B. Yes, we can
C. No, we needn’t
D. No, we can’t
参考答案：
语法专项复习（七）情态动词专讲专练
一、情态动词的情态意义表示法
Ⅰ. 1-5 BADDB 6-10 CCBBA
Ⅱ.
1. You'd better keep exercising every day.
2. I can / am able to spell the / this word.
3. You may / can / could sit down or stand up.
4. He has to pass an examination before he can start work.
二、情态动词的推测用法
Ⅰ. 1-6 ABBCBA
Ⅱ.
1. The umbrella must be my sister's.
2. We could / may / might still win — after all, the game isn't over yet.
三、情态动词一般疑问句的回答 1-6 DDCADC
写在最后
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