一、被动语态构成表
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
看主语与谓语之间是被动关系还是主动关系，确定使用主动语态还是被动语态。
常见的被动语态构成如下(以动词do为例)：
二、考点点拨
英语中有些动词不表示动作，而是表示某种状态或情况，通常不用于被动语态，如cost, fit, last, own, fail等。
在主动语态中，hear, see, notice等感官动词和make, have, let等使役动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在转换为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。
某些感官动词加形容词可表被动意义，如：feel, look, smell, sound, taste等。
某些不及物动词后加副词，也可表被动意义，如：lock, open, read, sell, cut等。
含短语动词的被动语态，短语中的介词或副词不能丢掉。
把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
不及物动词和不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，如：appear, die, fall, happen, come out, take place等。
三、经典习题
1.—Wow, your silk dress looks so beautiful! How much is it?
—Well, it （ ） me $50.
A. cost
B. was cost
C. spent
D. was spent
2.—Sandy was made （ ） by some boys.
— Oh, sorry to hear that.
A. cry
B. to cry
C. cried
D. to crying
3.—These oranges look ugly, but they （ ） very sweet.
— If so, I’d like to buy some.
A. tasted
B. were tasted
C. taste
D. are tasted
4.—Don’t you like the car? It （ ） so well.
—I like it a lot, but I just can’t afford it.
A. sells
B. is sold
C. sold
D. was sold
5.As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics （ ） in China.
A. took place
B. will take place
C. were taken place
D. will be taken place
参考答案：ABCAB
常见几种时态的被动语态
▼
01＼含情态动词的被动语态
讲一讲
含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词 be 动词的过去分词 ( by 动作的执行者)。如：
Your homework should be finished before 9 pm.
The plant needn’t be watered every day.
Must the room be cleaned twice a day, Mom?
When can my computer be repaired, Mr. Wang?
表示被动意义的特殊结构：
1. read, ride, write, sell等作不及物动词时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
2. look, smell, taste, feel, sound等表感觉的连系动词也常用主动形式表示被动意义。
练一练
一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Many more trees should (plant) in the town.
2.Must the work (finish) by 6:30 this afternoon?
3.—How often do I need to feed the dog?
—It must (give) food three times a day.
4.The stars can (see) clearly this evening.
5.Tables can (make) of stone or wood.
二、把下列句子改为含有被动语态的句子。
1.We should clean our teeth twice a day.
2.You must hand in your homework before class.
3.You can hang these old pictures in the living room.
4.Students can keep the dictionaries for three weeks.
5.We should make some rules to stop the kids from throwing rubbish.
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参考答案：
一、1.be planted
2.be finished
3.be given
4.be seen
5.be made
二、1.Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day.
2.Your homework must be handed in before class.
3.These old pictures can be hung in the living room.
4.The dictionaries can be kept for three weeks by students.
5.Some rules should be made to stop the kids from throwing rubbish.
02＼一般现在时的被动语态
讲一讲
英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
▲ 一般现在时的被动语态结构为is / am / are 及物动词的过去分词 ( by 动作的执行者)，句中常含有often, usually, every day等时间状语。
▲ 在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可参考以下例句：
Jenny① cleans② the room③ every day.
→The room③ is cleaned② by Jenny① every day.
把主动句中的宾语③变为被动句中的主语；
把主动句中的谓语动词②(cleans)变为被动句中的谓语(is cleaned)。be的形式根据被动句中主语的人称和数以及原主动句中动词的时态来确定。
把主动句中的主语①放在介词by之后作宾语。主语若是代词，将主格改为宾格。在无须说明动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。如：
People grow rice in the south of China. → Rice is grown in the south of China.
练一练
把下列句子改为含有被动语态的句子。
1.Some big boys often laugh at the little girl.
2.A lot of people speak Chinese around the world.
3.Millions of people enjoy the Great Wall.
4.My grandpa waters these flowers every morning.
5.Everyone considers Dora to be the best student in the class.
6.People use chopsticks for eating noodles in China.
7.The students always keep the classroom clean.
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参考答案：
1.The little girl is often laughed at by some big boys.
2.Chinese is spoken by a lot of people around the world.
3.The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people.
4.These flowers are watered by my grandpa every morning.
5.Dora is considered to be the best student in the class.
6.Chopsticks are used for eating noodles in China.
7.The classroom is always kept clean by the students.
03＼一般过去时的被动语态
讲一讲
一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was / were 及物动词的过去分词 ( by 动作的执行者)。如：Three trees were watered by Alan yesterday.
将主动语态变为被动语态时，需注意以下几点：
有些动词如tell, give, send, lend, show, teach等后接双宾语，变为被动语态时，将间接宾语提前变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不动；如果将直接宾语提前，则需要在间接宾语前加上to或for。如：
Mary gave Miss Lin a bunch of flowers.
→ Miss Lin was given a bunch of flowers by Mary.
→ A bunch of flowers was given to Miss Lin by Mary.
若动词后跟省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动语态时应加上to。如：
We saw a stranger walk into the teacher’s office.
→ A stranger was seen to walk into the teacher’s office.
“动词 介词/副词”构成的短语动词，在变为被动语态时，需要保留后面的介词或副词。如：
The little girl took good care of her sick grandma.
→ The little girl’s sick grandma was taken good care of by her.
练一练
把下列句子改为含有被动语态的句子。
1.Alice sent me a postcard last week.
2.Mom asked Jack not to spend too much time on computer games.
3.The workers built the teaching building six years ago.
4.All the students talked about the project earlier this morning.
5.We heard Liu Feng read English books under the tree.
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参考答案：
1.I was sent a postcard by Alice last week. / A postcard was sent to me by Alice last week.
2.Jack was asked not to spend too much time on computer games by Mom.
3.The teaching building was built by the workers six years ago.
4.The project was talked about by all the students earlier this morning.
5.Liu Feng was heard to read English books under the tree.
