常用不定代词:
一、some 与 any (一些)
一般说来,不定代词some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句,疑问句,条件从句中。但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any。
Some boys are playing football.
There aren’t any students in the classroom.
Would you like some cake? Yes, please.
【说明】不定代词any 有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”:
Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。 Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。
二、many 与 much (许多)
many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数), much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数)。
Did you see many people there? I asked her a great many questions.
We don’t have much time. Much work has been done.
辨析:too much;much too; too many
1、too much常用作副词或代词,也可以用作形容词,修饰不可数名词.
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. You've given me too much.你给我的太多了.
2、much too常作副词,后接副词或形容词.
He drove much too fast. It is much too cold.
3、too many常用作形容词,修饰可数名词复数.如:
They built too many buildings last year.
三、either、neither的用法以及区别
1、either表示“二者之一”;neither 表示“两者都不”。
固定搭配either of 和neither of 名词/代词的复数。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Either of the knives is useful. Neither of them is in good health
2、用作连词:either…or…不是……就是……,neither…nor…既不……也不……常用来连接两个并列成分,谓语动词保持就近原则,与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
1)either…or…,neither…nor…,若连接两个单数数名词或代词作主语,后面动词用单数。
Either Mary or Lucy is coming.不是玛丽来,就是露西来。
2)若连接两个复数名词或代词作主语,后面动词用复数。
Neither my parents nor my grandparents are coming.我的父母不来,我的爷爷奶奶也不来。
3.如果一个单数名词或代词和一个复数名词或代词一起作主语时,动词的单复数形式必须和最靠近的一个主语保持一致。(就近原则)
Either my parents or Lucy is coming.不是我的父母来,就是露西来。
Either Lucy or my parents is coming. 不是露西来,就是我的父母来。
四、all , both(都,全部)
1. both指两个人或物,all指三个或三个以上的人或物。
Both of us want to go. 我们两人都想去。 All of us should work hard.我们都应努力工作。
2. both和all都可直接修饰名词;名词前如有限定词时,其前只能用both of或all of。
Both brothers are clever. 兄弟俩都聪明。 Both of the books are useful.两本书都有用。
(3) both和all在句中的位置是位于be动词之后,行为动词之前,如有情态动词或助动词,则位于情态动词或助动词与主动词之间。
We are all here. 我们都来了。
五、The other, others, the others, another用法归纳
1. Other : Do you have any other questions? Ask some other people.
2. Others:Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports.
3. The other: He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.
The other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。
On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。
Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。
4. Another : We need another three girls.
5. The others:Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。
the others=the other 复数名词
六、every 和each
1. every 强调全体的概念, each强调个体概念。
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。
2. every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。
3) every 只作形容词,不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4) every 与not 连用,表示部分否定; each 和not连用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。
Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。
七、few, a few 与 little, a little的用法区别
1. few 和 a few后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;
a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义:
It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难,没有几个人能懂。
It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难,但是有些人懂。
2. little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,little表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;
a little 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义
Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。
Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。
七、复合不定代词
具体使用时应注意以下几点:
1. 复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面:
There is nothing wrong with the radio. Have you seen anyone famous?
2. 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数。
Everyone knows this. If anybody comes, ask him to wait.
3. 指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数。
Everything is ready.