英语中有时为了语法结构的需要或是为了强调，将谓语全部或一部分放在主语前，主谓倒置，这种语序叫倒装。

倒装句包括全部倒装和部分倒装。

全部倒装：就是将句子中的谓语动词全部放在主语之前。

表示时间的副词

如now, then等位于句首，句子的谓语动词是come或go，主语是名词。

例如：

Then came the news that the missing plane had been found.

表示方位的副词

如up, down, in, out, away, here, there等位于句首，句子的谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动词，如come, go, run, rush, fly等，主语是名词。

例如：

Up flew the plane.

Here comes the bus!

Out rushed the dog as soon as the door was open.

表示地点的介词短语

如in front of, at the foot of, at the back of, between the two buildings, on the table等位于句首，句子的谓语动词是不及物动词，如lie, stand, sit, exist, stretch, come等或系动词be，主语是名词。

例如：

In front of the old house stood an old lady.

On the table lies a new book.

部分倒装：就是把部分成分提到主语前。

1. only位于句首，后接副词、介词短语或状语从句时。

例如：

Only then did I realize how much my father loved me.

Only in this way can you get along well with your roommates.

2.含有否定意义的副词

如never, seldom, little, nowhere, hardly, rarely, scarcely, barely, neither, nor等位于句首时。

例如：

Never have I seen such beautiful flowers.

Neither will Steven accept the job offer.

3. 表示否定意义的介词短语

如at no time, by no means, in no case, under no circumstances等位于句首时。

例如：

Under no circumstances should we give up protecting the environment.

4. not only … but also …

not only … but also … 连接两个分句，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的分句倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装。

例如：

Not only can Jasmine speak French, but she can also speak Spanish and Chinese.

Not only is he a teacher , but he is also a poet.

5. not until

not until位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。

例如：

Not until he failed a third time did he admit that his spoken English was not good.

6. hardly … when … / no sooner … than …

hardly … when … / no sooner … than … 句型中，若hardly, no sooner位于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

例如：

Hardly had Tom begun to speak when his father stopped him.

7. so 助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词 主语。

so 助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词 主语。此句型表示前面所说的内容也适用于另一个人或物，用于肯定句中。

例如：

Jim has seen the film, and so have his parents.

8. neither / nor 助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词 主语

neither / nor 助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词 主语。此句型表示前面所说的内容也适用于另一个人或物，用于否定句中。

例如：

I didn’t go to London, and neither did my sister.

9.so … that … 和such … that …

在so … that … 和such … that … 结构中的so和such 位于句首时。

例如：

So loudly did Alex speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.

Such complex problems were they that we couldn’t solve them.

10. if引导的虚拟条件句

在if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had, were或should时，如将if省略，则将had, were或should等移到主语前构成部分倒装。

例如：

Were my brother here, he would help us with the problem.

11. 让步状语从句

让步状语从句中，状语、表语等成分位于连词as或though之前时。若位于as或though之前的表语是名词，则名词前不加冠词。

例如：

Difficult as / though the work was, we finished it on time.

Child as / though Tony is, he has to make a living by himself.