【语法知识】
不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
主要有：
一、由body/one, thing 构成的合成代词：
something，somebody，someone，
everything，everybody，everyone
any(anything，anybody，anyone，
no(nothing，nobody，no one，
一般情况下，some构成的复合不定代词，其作用和some相同，用于肯定句;any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句;no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义，用于否定句。
I have something to tell you now,.
Do you have anything to say?
I didn’t buy anything yesterday.
There is nothing in the room.
复合不定代词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
There is something wrong with the computer.
Does anyone have questions to ask?
形容词修饰复合不定代词要放在后面。
I’d like to buy something special for him.
由every构成的复合不定代词与not构成否定句时，表示部分否定，即“并非都……，不都……”。
Not everyone works hard in our class.
二、限定词
all,both, some,any, few,a few, little,a little, many,much, each, every, either, neither, other,another,none 等。
1.all, both表示“都……”的意思， 但all用来表示三者或三者以上的人或物“都……”, 而both用来表示两个人或物“都……”。
All the students in our class went to the park yesterday.
Both of my parents like playing badminton.
2.some, any表示“一些”，都可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，但some多用于肯定句, any则多用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。
I’d like some rice,please.
Are there any books on the desk?
There isn’t any milk in the bottle.
3.few, a few均修饰可数名词复数形式, little, a little修饰不可数名词。Few, little侧重否定意义，意思是“很少，几乎没有”, a few, a little侧重肯定的意义，意思是“有一些”。
The question is hard, Few students can answer it.
I took quite a few photos there yesterday.
Don’t worry. We still have a little time.
There is little meat in the fridge. I am going to buy some this afternoon.
4.many, much均表示“很多”，但many只修饰可数名词的复数形式，much只修饰不可数名词一。
In our class many students come to school by bus.
Every weekend, we have too much homework to do.
5.each, every都表示“每一个”，它们修饰单数的名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。但each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每一个”，既可用作形容词，又可用作代词，在句中可以作定语，主语、宾语、同位语、状语等,更强调个体；every指三个以上的人或物中的“每一个”，只能做定语，强调整体。Every用于否定句时表示部分否定，即“不是每个人都……”。
Each student in our class has an English-Chinese dictionary.
Each one of them is going to buy a gift.
Every child has an apple.
6.either表示“两都中的任何一个”，neither表示“两者都不……”，它们都可以做主语、宾语和定语，做主语时谓语动词用单数形式，做定语时修饰单数的名词。
A:What would you like, coffee or tea?
B:Either.
C:Neither, I’d like some water.
7.other, another
other表示“别的”,“另外的”,与复数名词连用.但前有冠词the可与单数名词连用。the other一般指两个人或物中的“另一个”，即剩下的那一个。而the others或the other加复数名词指的是一定范围内“所有其余的人或事物”,是特指；而other的复数形式或加复数名词却是没有明确范围的“另外的人或事物”。another 指另一个，没有固定的范围，即多个人或物中的“另一个”，可以单独使用，也可以放在单数名词前后或一与数词一起修饰复数名词。
She always thinks of other people.
I have two pencils. One is blue, the other is red.
There are two girls in our class. The others are boys.
Some students are playing soccer, others are running.
I don’t like this one, Can you show me another one?
He ate an apple,but he wanted another one.
I need to write another two letters today.
8.none与no one/nobody相近，但none既可指人又可指物，意为“没有任何人或物；一个人也没有”，后可与of短语连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。它通常用来强调数量之少，因而常用来回答how many或how much引起的问句。no one/nobody，不强调数量，可用来回答who问句。
None of them agreed with me.
----Have you bought any books? ----None
----How many students were late this morning? ----None.
跟踪练习
I.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Is there ______________(something) in the room?
2.I couldn’t see ______________(someone) on the playground.
3.----Did you buy _______________(something) for your parents?----- No, I bought______________(something).
4.____________(Something) is expensive in that shop. I don’t go there.
5.I have ______________(something) important to tell you now.
II.选择所给的单词填空。
anyone anything everyone everything nothing no one someone something
1.__________ likes to be friends with him because he is friendly.
2.Listen! I have _____________ important to say.
3.----Is there ___________ watching TV? ----No, __________.
4.___________ is knocking at the door. Who is it?
5.----Did you do _____________ special last weekend? __________ much.
6.If you try your best, ____________ is easy.
III.单选填空。
1.Was _______ of you late for school this morning?
A.anyone B.no one C.everyone
2.I’d like to eat _________ for dinner today.
A.different something B.something different C.anything different
3.I’m hungry. I’d like to eat _______________.
A.anything B.nothing C.something
4.In our class not ______________studies hard at English.
A.everyone B.someone C.anyone
5.It’s a secret. Don’t tell _______ else.
A.everyone B.no one C.anyone
IV.句型转换。
1.He bought something for his friends yesterday.(一般疑问句)
______ he_______ ________ for his friends yesterday?
2.Everyone knows the answer. (否定句)
_________ knows the answer.
3.I couldn’t see anything in the room. (同义句)
I could _________ _________ in the room.
4.He did nothing all the afternoon. (同义句)
He _______ _______ ________ all the afternoon.
5.Anyone can do it well. (同义句)
___________ can do it well.
练习答案
I.1.anything 2.anyone 3.anything, nothing 4.Everything 5.something
II.1.Everyone 2.something 3.Anyone, no one 4.Someone 5.anything,Nothing 6.everything
III.1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C
IV.1.Did, but anything 2.No one 3.see nothing 4.didn’t do anything 5.Everyone----Who was late this morning? ----Nobody.
张老师 2021-12-26
