动词过去分词的变化规则：

一般情况下，加-ed。如：

- talk → talked

- play → played

- learn → learned/learnt

以不发音的-e结尾的动词，只需加-d。如：

- love → loved

- live → lived

以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：

- stop → stopped

- plan → planned

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，y变为i再加-ed。如：

- study → studied

- try → tried

部分不规则动词过去分词需单独记忆，如：

- be → been

- go → gone

- have → had

动词现在分词的变化规则：

一般情况下，加-ing。如：

- talk → talking

- play → playing

- learn → learning

但是，以不发音的-e结尾的动词，去掉-e再加-ing。如：

- love → loving

- live → living

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，y变为i再加-ing。如：

- study → studying

- try → trying

部分不规则动词现在分词需单独记忆，如：

- be → being

- go → going

- have → having