Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news reports, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news reports and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

Questions 1 to 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) A wandering cow was captured by the police.

B) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.

C) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.

D) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.

2. A) It became a great attraction for tourists.

B) It found its way back to the park’s zoo.

C) It was shot to death by a police officer.

D) It was sent to the animal control department.

Questions 3 to 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) It is the largest of its kind.

B) It is starting an online exhibition.

C) It is going to be expanded.

D) It is displaying more fossil specimens.

4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia.

B) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.

C) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.

D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) Amuse visitors.

B) Deliver messages.

C) Pick up trash.

D) Play with children.

6. A) They are children’s favorite.

B) They are especially intelligent.

C) They are clean and pretty.

D) They are quite easy to tame.

7. A) Children may overfeed the rooks.

B) Children may contract bird diseases.

C) Children may be harmed by the rooks.

D) Children may be tempted to drop litter.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) It will cover different areas of science.

B) It will be hosted by famous professors.

C) It will be produced at Harvard University.

D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.

9. A) It will be more futuristic.

B) It will be more entertaining.

C) It will be more systematic.

D) It will be easier to understand.

10. A) Youngsters eager to explore.

B) Students majoring in science.

C) Children in their early teens.

D) People interested in science.

11. A) Provide financial support.

B) Offer professional advice.

C) Help promote it on the Internet.

D) Make episodes for its first season.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Unsure.

B) Helpless.

C) Dissatisfied.

D) Concerned.

13. A) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.

B) He is too concerned with being perfect.

C) He takes on projects beyond his ability.

D) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.

14. A) Embarrassed.

B) Unconcerned.

C) Resentful.

D) Miserable.

15. A) Compare his present with his past only.

B) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.

C) Always learn from others’ achievements.

D) Treat others the way he would be treated.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passages, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They have greater potential to be leaders.

B) They are more likely to become engineers.

C) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.

D) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.

17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.

B) Insist that boys and girls work together more.

C) Respond more positively to boys’ comments.

D) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.

18. A) Pay extra attention to top students.

B) Provide a variety of optional courses.

C) Place great emphasis on test scores.

D) Offer personalized teaching materials.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) It seldom rains in summer time.

B) It often rains cats and dogs.

C) It does not rain as much as people think.

D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.

20. A) The rain is usually very light.

B) The rain comes mostly at night.

C) They have got used to the rain.

D) They drive most of the time.

21. A) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.

B) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.

C) It has never seen thunder and lightning.

D) It has a lot of places for entertainment.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.

B) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.

C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.

D) It comes from straining one’s muscles in an unusual way.

23. A) They gradually become fragmented.

B) They begin to make repairs immediately.

C) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.

D) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.

24. A) About two days.

B) About ten days.

C) About one week.

D) About four weeks.

25. A) Take pain-killers.

B) Have a hot shower.

C) Drink plenty of water.

D) Apply muscle creams.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Millions of people travel by plane every single day. If you’re planning on being one of them soon, you might not be looking forward to the __26__ feeling air travel often leaves you with.

Besides the airport crowds and stress, traveling at a high altitude has real effects on the body. Although the pressure of the cabin is __27__ to prevent altitude sickness, you could still __28__ sleepiness or a headache. The lower oxygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is __29__ to that at 6,000-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain __30__. To help prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee.

Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you __31__ thought. The air you breathe in a plane dries out your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost __30__ percent in a simulation of air travel. However, you can make your taste buds active again by drinking water. A dry mouth may __32__ taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by drinking fluids.

Although in-flight infections __33__ in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air __34__ used. Unless you’re sitting next to someone who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldn’t worry too much about getting sick. However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands __35__.

A) adjusted E) filters I) particular M) smooth

B) channels F) frequently J) primarily N) thrive

C) equivalent G) individuals K) reduce O) unpleasant

D) experience H) originally L) renovated

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?

[A] Along with old classics like “carrots give you night vision” and “Santa doesn’t bring toys to misbehaving children”, one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Many of us grow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults in the UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic Association, and around three-quarters of Americans.

[B] “The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night,” explains diet specialist Sarah Elder. “Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the night.” But there’s widespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in the hierarchy (等级) of meals. There have been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industry’s involvement in pro-breakfast research－and even one claim from an academic that breakfast is “dangerous”.

[C] What’s the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic by cereal companies? The most researched aspect of breakfast (and breakfast-skipping) has been its links to obesity. Scientists have different theories as to why there’s a relationship between the two. In one US study that analyzed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those who ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce daily calorie intake, improve the quality of our diet-since breakfast foods are often higher in fibre and nutrients

[D] But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause－or if breakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin with. To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-week weight loss programme. All had the same number of calories over the day, but half had breakfast, while the other half did not. What they found was that it wasn’t breakfast itself that caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal routine.

[E] If breakfast alone isn’t a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast-skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and health. “There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviors such as regular exercise and not smoking,” she says.

[F] A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management concluded there is “limited evidence” supporting or refuting (反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent obesity

[G] Researchers from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfway through research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight. Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. One reason may be breakfast’s nutritional value－partly because cereal is fortified (增加营养价值) with vitamins. In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in the UK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast regularly. There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.

[H] Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language use. A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the review’s researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is “reasonable” evidence breakfast does improve concentration-there just needs to be more research. “Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit,” she says. “And no studies that eating breakfast was bad for concentration.”

[I] What’s most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugar content of ‘adult’ breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.

[J] But some research suggests if we’re going to eat sugary foods, it’s best to do it early. One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their breakfast, and half didn’t. Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds more－however, the study was unable to show the long-term effects. A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type of breakfast is healthier, and concluded that the type of breakfast doesn’t matter as much as simply eating something.

[K] While there’s no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating and when, the consensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we’re hungry. “Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up,” Johnstone says. “Each body starts the day differently－and those individual differences need to be researched more closely, “Spitznagel says. “A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels, “says Elder. “Breakfast isn’t the only meal we should be getting right.”

36. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and health.

37. Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at breakfast.

38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day.

39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseases in some countries.

40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself that induced weight loss.

41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast more important than choosing what to eat.

42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfast.

43. More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intake.

44. People who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional intake.

45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and concentrate.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher Pearson is the largest publisher－of any kind-in the world.

It costs about $1 million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will have dozens of contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.

It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or buying used print textbooks. But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their books－which has increased over 1,000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in order. But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself.

While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example, over the centuries, they have simulated (模拟) dialogues in a number of ways. From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for students to answer inductively (归纳性地). That means students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to general questions. Today’s psychology texts, for example, ask: “How much of your personality do you think you inherited?” while ones in physics say: “How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land?”

Experts observe that “textbooks come in layers, something like an onion.” For an active learner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace. They “customize” their books by engaging with different layers and linkages. Highlighting Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customization that students value print books over digital forms of books.

46. What does the passage say about open educational resources?

A) They contribute to teaching as much as to

B) They don’t profit as much as traditional textbooks do.

C) They can’t connect professors and students as textbooks do.

D) They compete fiercely for customers with textbook producers.

47. What is the main cause of the publishers’ losses?

A) Failure to meet student need.

B) Industry restructuring.

C) Emergence of e-books.

D) Falling sales.

48. What does the textbook industry need to do?

A) Reform its structures.

B) Cut its retail prices.

C) Find replacements for printed textbooks.

D) Change its business strategy periodically.

49. What are students expected to do in the learning process?

A) Think carefully before answering each question.

B) Ask questions based on their own understanding.

C) Answer questions using their personal experience.

D) Give answers showing their respective personality.

50. What do experts say about students using textbooks?

A) They can digitalize the prints easily.

B) They can learn in an interactive way.

C) They can purchase customized versions.

D) They can adapt the material themselves.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them into two distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its energy. Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of a sea slug (海蛞蝓)that’s truly half animal and half plant. It’s pretty incredible how it has managed to hijack the genes of the algae (藻类) on which it feeds.

The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment (色素) in plants that captures energy from sunlight, and hold these genes within their body. The term kleptoplasty is used to describe the practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrients from sunlight. And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can be truly considered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like behaviors. Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually able to create energy from sunlight.

In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their future generations. Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, though they can’t generate energy from sunlight until they’ve eaten enough algae to steal the necessary genes, which they can’t yet produce on their own.

“There’s no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell,” says Sidney Pierce from the University of South Florida. “And yet here, they do. They allow the animal to rely on sunshine for its nutrition. So if something happens to their food source, they have a way of not starving to death until they find more algae to eat.

The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to nine months without having to eat any food. They get all their nutritional needs met by the genes that they’ve hijacked from the algae.

51. What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?

A) It looks like both a plant and an animal.

B) It converts some sea animals into plants.

C) It lives half on animals and half on plants.

D) It gets energy from both food and sunlight.

52. What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?

A) The genes it captures from the sea plant algae.

B) The mechanism by which it conserves energy.

C) The nutrients it hijacks from other species.

D) The green pigment it inherits from its ancestors.

53. What does the author say about baby sea slugs?

A) They can live without sunlight for a long time.

B) They can absorb sunlight right after their birth.

C) They can survive without algae for quite some time.

D) They can produce on their own.

54. What does Sidney Pierce say about genes from alga?

A) They are stolen from animals like the sea slug.

B) They can’t function unless exposed to sunlight.

C) They don’t usually function inside animal cells.

D) They can readily be converted to sea slug genes.

55. What do we learn about sea slugs from the passage?

A) They behave the way most plant species do.

B) They can survive for months without eating.

C) They will into plants when they mature.

D) They will starve to death without sunlight.

Part IV Translation (30minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是,姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。