Waiter, waiter. There's a fly in my soup.

服务员，服务员。我的汤里有只苍蝇。

Shhh. Don't tell everybody. They'll want one too.

嘘。别告诉别人。他们也会想要一只。

Today we're looking at how we use two really common and useful phrases — 'there is' and 'it is'. In some languages, you can translate both these phrases with just one phrase, so they can be confusing.

今天我们来学习如何使用两个非常常见并且有用的短语——“there is”和“it is”。在一些语言中，你可以只用一个短语来翻译这两个短语，所以它们可能会让人混淆。

Also, we can use 'there' and 'it' as dummy subjects in English, so we'll look at that too. Let's start with there is.

此外，我们可以用 there 和 it 作为英语中的形式主语，所以我们也会学习下这一点。让我们从 there is 开始。

Oh no! There's a hole in my sock!

噢，不！我的袜子上有个洞！

Waiter. There's a fly in my soup.

服务员。我的汤里有只苍蝇。

We use 'there is' to say something exists and if more than one thing exists, we say 'there are'. You know, there are three types of people in the world.

我们用 there is 来表示某物存在，如果不止一件事物存在，我们用 there are。你知道不，世界上有三种人。

Oh yes? There are people who can count. . . - Mmhmm.

哦，是吗？有的人会数数…… - 是哦。

And there are people who can't. Mmhmm.

而有些人却做不到。嗯嗯。

And? And what?

然后呢？然后什么？

So 'there is' is singular, and 'there are' is plural. Waiter.

所以 there is 表示单数，而 there are 表示复数。服务员。

Yes, madam. There's no soup on the menu today.

是的，夫人。今天的菜单上没有汤。

That's right, madam. I cleaned all the menus this morning.

对的呀，夫人。今天早上我把所有的菜单都擦干净了。

When we want to say things don't exist, we use a negative form. Now of course the word 'there' can have another meaning.

当我们想说事物不存在的时候，我们用否定形式。当然，there 这个词还有另外一个意思。

Waiter, there's a fly in my soup. What's it doing there?

服务员，我的汤里有只苍蝇。汤里怎么会有苍蝇？

Ooo. It looks like the backstroke. The backstroke is a style of swimming where you lie on your back, but notice this other 'there'.

噢 。它看起来像是在仰泳。仰泳是一种游泳方式，你仰卧在水面去游，但要注意这里还有一个 there。

It has a different meaning. It tells us the location of the fly.

这个 there 有不同的含义。它告诉我们苍蝇的位置。

When 'there' means a location, it usually comes at the end of a sentence. So where do you want to eat?

当 there 表示位置时，它通常出现在句末。那么你想在哪里吃饭呢？

Well, there's a MacDonald's over there, or there's a pub over there. Let's make it the pub.

哦，那边有家麦当劳，或者那边有家酒吧。我们去酒吧好了。

OK. So 'there' can tell us where something is, but that's not the meaning we're looking at today.

好的。所以 there 可以告诉我们某物的位置，但这不是我们今天要学习的意思。

We're looking at this one, where 'there' tell us something exists. Most English sentences, start with a subject — the person or thing that does the action.

我们来看看这个，there 告诉我们某物存在。大多数英语句子都以主语开头——实施行为的人或物。

For example, I complained to the waiter. 'I' am the subject and I do the action.

例如，我向服务员抱怨。“我”是主语，我实施的行为。

The verb is complain and then we say who or what received the action. That's a normal way of making an English sentence.

动词是“抱怨”，然后我们说谁或什么接受了这个行为。这是构成英语句子的一种常见方式。

But it's not the pattern we follow to say something exists. We don't say 'A hole is in my sock' or 'A fly is in my soup'.

但这并不是我们说某物存在会用的模式。我们不会说“袜子里有个洞”或者“汤里有只苍蝇”。

We could but it's not natural. To say something exists, we say 'there'.

我们可以那样说，但这不自然。要说某物存在，我们会用 there。

So there is a kind of dummy subject here. Dummy means it's not real.

所以这里的 there 是一个形式主语。Dummy 的意思是它不是真实的。

It's just a copy of a subject. OK, that's enough grammar.

它只是一个主语的替代。好了，语法讲完了。

Let's look at 'it is' now. We use 'it is' to refer to something that we already know about.

现在让我们来看看“it is”。我们用 it is 来指代我们已经知道的事情。

There's someone at the door. It. . . It's Jay!

有人在门口。是杰啊！

This is a typical pattern. We use 'there is' the first time we mention something to introduce it, and after that we say 'it is'.

这是个典型的使用模式。当我们第一次提到某件事来介绍它时，我们用 there is，之后再提起时我们用 it is。

Another example. OK, great, thank you. Bye.

再看一个例子。好的，很好，谢谢你。再见。

There's a meeting tomorrow. It starts at two.

明天有个会议。两点钟开始。

Good. So there and it refer to the same thing — the meeting.

好的。所以 there 和 it 指的是同一件事——会议。

There refers forward and it refers back. The same thing happens with plurals, except we say 'there' and 'they'.

there 在前一句指代，it 在后一句指代。复数也是一样的，只是我们说的是 there 和 they。

Waiter. Waiter. There are two flies in my wine.

服务员。服务员。我的酒里有两只苍蝇。

Don't worry, madam. They're very small, so I don't think they drank much.

别担心，夫人。它们个头很小，所以我想他们没喝多少。

'There' refers forward. 'They' refers back.

There 在前一句指代。They 在后一句指代。

So here's the thing to remember. 'There' introduces a topic.

所以下面是要记住的内容。‘There’引出一个话题。

And then 'it' or 'they' refer back. Easy huh?

然后 it 或 they 指代回这个话题。很简单吧？

OK, now let's move up a level. Do you remember how 'there' works as a kind of dummy subject?

好的，现在让我们再进一步学习。你还记得 there 是如何充当形式主语的吗？

It's the same with 'it'. 'It' is the subject in lots of common expressions.

It 也是一样的。It 是很多常见表达的主语。 eu dic

Let's watch some examples and see if you spot it? It's a terrible day, but it'll be nice by the weekend.

让我们来看一些例子，看看你是否发现了它？今天天气真糟糕，但到周末就会变好的。

It's really hot and sunny today. I think it's 90 degrees.

今天真的很热，阳光灿烂。我想有九十华氏度。（约32.2摄氏度）

We use it as a dummy subject to talk about the weather. So, it's hot.

我们用 it 作为谈论天气的形式主语。那么，天气很热。

It's sunny. It's raining.

天很晴朗。下雨了。

And temperatures — so it's 90 degrees. OK, now some other situations.

还有温度——有九十华氏度。好了，现在来看一些其他情况。

Ah. What's the matter?

啊。你怎么了？

It's Monday again. I hate Mondays.

今天又是星期一。我讨厌星期一。

Let's see. It's the 14th today, so let's meet on the 17th. What's the time?

我们来看看。今天是14号，我们就17号见吧。几点了？

It's 5 'clock. Oh, I can go home!

五点了。噢，我可以回家了！

We use 'it' to talk about days, dates, and times of the clock. OK, here are your last examples.

我们用 it 来谈论星期几、日期和时钟的时间。好了，这是最后一个例子。

See if you can see a pattern here. Jason, it's lovely to see you again. - It's great to be here.

看看你能不能从中看出规律。杰森，很高兴又见到你。 - 我很高兴来这里。

They're digging up our street. It's hard to concentrate with all the noise.

他们正在挖我们这条街。这么大的噪音，很难集中精神。

It's very cold in here. Can we put the heating up?

这里很冷。我们可以开暖气吗？

Why? It's very comfortable. It's awful eating here.

为什么？感觉非常舒服啊。在这里吃饭体验太差了。

The waiter's terrible! It's a pity you have to go.

服务员真是太差劲了！真可惜你要走了。

I'll be back soon. Bye Jason. - Bye-bye.

我很快就会再来的。再见，杰森。 - 再见。

So it's lovely, it's great, it's hard, it's cold, it's comfortable, it's awful, it's a pity. We can use it's to give our opinion and comment on a situation or place.

所以 it 作为形式主语，可以说“很可爱，很棒，很艰难，很冷，很舒服，很糟糕，很遗憾”。我们可以用 it's 来对某一情况或某一地方发表我们的意见和评论。 eu dic

So you can use 'it' as a dummy subject to say what you think about a situation that you're in. And that's it.

所以你可以用“it”作为形式主语，来表达你对自己所处的环境的看法。内容就这些了。

Oh, that's another expression with 'it'. When I say 'that's it', I mean we've finished.

哦，这是另一个带有 it 的表达方式。当我说 that's it 的时候，我的意思是我们讲完了。

If you've enjoyed this video, please share it with a friend. And make sure you subscribe to our channel so you don't miss our future videos.

如果你喜欢本期视频，请与朋友分享。也请订阅我们的频道，以免错过我们以后更新的视频。

It's great to have your support! Bye.

很高兴能有你的支持！拜拜。