英语中，我们使用 “there is” or “there are” 谈论我们看到的东西和存在的东西。

单数名词和不可数名词存在在这个句型中时，我们使用 “there is”；而 “there are” 用于可数名词的复数时。比如下面的例句：

“There are five people in the office.” (可数名词-复数)

“There’s a television in the living room.” (可数名词-单数)

or “There’s some milk in the fridge.” (不可数名词)

使用 “some”

使用可数名词复数时，要么加上具体数量（五个人），如果我们不知道具体数量或者不愿意谈论具体数量时，就加上“some”，

“There are five people in the office.” (指有准确的数字五个人)

“There are some people in the office.” (不知道多少或不提及具体数量)

“There’s some milk in the fridge,” (不可数名词，当然无法知道具体的数量，因为不可数嘛！)

“There’s some money in my wallet.” (不知道多少)

请留意：不可数名词的单数，使用a/an, the, 或者其他的限定或者代词。请看下面的例句。

“There’s a woman in the shop.”

“There’s the woman who works in the hospital.”

“There’s my sister in the photo.”

否定形式以及 “any”的用法：

有两种方式形成there句型的否定形式：

1. 动词后面加上 not 或者 n’t，例如：

“There isn’t a freezer in the kitchen.” (可数名词单数)

“There isn’t any money in my wallet.” (不可数名词)

“There aren’t any students” in the classroom. (可数名词复数)

如果是可数名词单数，当使用否定句时，在 “isn’t”后面，用“any” ，而可数名词复数时，在“aren’t”后面用“any” 。

特别注意: 不能在单数名词时，使用 “any” 。

“There isn’t a single biscuit left in the packet.”

错误：(“There isn’t any single biscuit left in the packet.”)

2. 在 “there is” 或者 “there are”使用“No”。

“There is no freezer in the kitchen.” (可数名词单数)

“There are no students in the classroom.” (可数名词复数)

“There’s no coffee left.” (不可数名词)

但更常用的是： “isn’t a” 用于可数名词单数； “isnt any” 用于不可数名词；“aren’t any” 用于可数名词复数。

1. 形成疑问句, 其实就是将主语-动词变成动词-主语。

There is a 可数名词单数，变成Is there a 可数名词单数?

“Is there a toilet on this train?”

2. 将 “some” 改成 疑问句“any” 。

There is some 不可数名词， 改成 Is there any 不可数名词?

“Is there any time to go shopping?”

There are some 复数名词 变成疑问句 Are there any 复数名词?

“Are there any trains to London this morning?”

简短的回答如下：

Yes, there is. / No there isn’t.

Yes there are. / No there aren’t.

下面是练习，请说出正确和不正确的原因。

1. There __ people in the restaurant.

· are any

· are some 正确

· is some

2. There __ information about careers in the library.

· are some

· is some 正确

· isn't some

3. There __ money on the table.

· is a

· is any

· is some 正确

4. __ cheese in this sandwich?

· Are there any

· Is there a

· Is there any 正确

5. Yes, __

· there are

· there cheese

· there is 正确

6. __ letter for you.

· There's a 正确

· There's any

· There's some

7. __ customers in the shop?

· Are there any 正确

· Is there

· Is there any

8. No, __

· there any

· there are

· there aren't 正确

9. There __ students in the classroom.

· are no 正确

· aren't no

· isn't no

10. __ petrol in the car.

· There aren't

· There is a

· There's no 正确

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