这几个词都是发生，许多时候可以互换。但有些略有区别，这些细微差别要在大量阅读中体会。

happen 偶然发生。

The 1920s showed what happenswhen great powers turn selfish and rush to take advantage of the troubles of others.

二十世纪二十年代的历史揭示了大国变得自私并急于利用他国问题时产生的后果。

take place 事先规划好的，通常指活动、表演、庆典等等按照计划发生。

In fact private oil firms, state-controlled companies and countries that rely onenergy exports should brace themselves for a long period of pain, and use the crisis to begin the restructuring that will have to take place if the planet is to deal with climate change.

实际上，依靠能源出口的私营石油企业、国有控股企业和国家应该做好准备，承受很长一段时间的痛苦，并利用危机开始进行*，因为一旦全球开始应对气候变化问题，*便在所难免。

occur 意料之外的发生

More sparsely populatedRepublican areas have seen only scattered tragedies, typically in care homes, where almost a quarter of Texas’s 391 deaths have occurred.

在人口稀少的共和党地区，只有零星的几处悲剧，通常发生在养老院中。德克萨斯州有391个死亡案例，将近四分之一发生在养老院。

there is / there are 发生

There was an earthquake about a week ago. 大约一周前发生了一次地震。There are strikes almost every year. 几乎每年都会发生罢工。

come up 发生

There aren’t any jobs at the moment, but we’ll let you know if something comes up.

目前没有职位空缺，要是有了我们会通知你。

This question often comes up when I’m talking to students.

我和学生交谈时，这个问题常常会出现。

arise 发生

A dispute arose about who should receive the money.

对于谁该得到这笔钱发生了纠纷。

It is best to deal with the problem as soon as it arises.

最好是问题一出现就解决。

crop up 突然出现，发生

The banks will contact their customers if a problem crops up. 如有突发问题，银行会与客户联系。